microbiome Flashcards
what is a microbiome
collectively all the microbes in the human body
community of microbes
what is a bofilm
a community of microbes that live together on a surface
what does Research in the human microbiome project does
start to identify the relative amount of each microbe present at different body locations
list the barriers in the gut fro microbe
low pH bile and saliva immune system finding a place to attach on intestinal wall surviving diets
what leads to formation of new microbes
cross breeding of present microbe
what is the role of ruminococcus sp. bacteria
found in high numbers in gut flora
beak down cellulose, helping digestion
discribe helicobacter pylory
has helical shape and colonises the stomach and the upper GI tract
- major cause of stomach ulcers
- helps to break down certain nutrients
what is the most common marker used
16S ribosomal RNA
why we use 16S rRNA
cheap
highly conserved
simple to sequence only 16 sequences
what are disadvantages of 16S r RNA
because some regions are hyper variable/ variable base part can change in a very short period of evolutionary time
may contain some sequencing error ,as usually sequenced using a singe pass
what are units OTU
arbetory units based on 16S gene
categorises microbiome sequence
what does lowest taxomic unit suggest
95-97% similarity
does exercise has any affects on microbiome
only in high fat diet, ability to increase diversity index ( health benefits)
what did SCFA increase
increased production by gut in response to exercise
increase AMPK activity, glucose and lipid metabolism
