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NUR 230 > Vitamins and Minerals > Flashcards

Vitamins and Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

are fat soluble or water soluble more dangerous

A

fat-solube
hangs around for longer

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1
Q

what are the water soluble vitamins

A

vit c (ascorbic acid)
thiamin (b1)
riboflavin (b2)
niacin (B3)
pantothenic acid
pyridoxine (b6)
folate
cobalamin (b12)
biotin

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2
Q

major action of vit c

A

antioxidant
tissue building
iron absorption

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3
Q

deficiency of vit c

A

scurvy
decreased iron absorption
bleeding gums

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4
Q

major action of b1

A

muscle energy
energy metabolism

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5
Q

major sources of b1

A

meats
grains
legumes

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6
Q

defieciency of b1

A

beriberi
headache
wt loss
fatigue

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7
Q

major action of b2

A

assists w/ realeasing energy from cells

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8
Q

major sources of b2

A

milk
meats
dark leafy veggies

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9
Q

defiecny of b2

A

skin eruptions
cracked lips
red swollen tongue

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10
Q

major action of b3

A

metabolism of fat, glucose, and alc
synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and steroid hormones

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11
Q

major sources of b3

A

liver
nuts
legumes

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12
Q

deficiency of b3

A

pellagra
skin lesions
GI and CNS findings
dementia

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13
Q

major action of panthothenic acid

A

carbs
fat
protein metabolism

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14
Q

major sources of pantothenic acid

A

meats
whole grain cereals
dried peas and beans

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15
Q

defiecieny of pantotheic acid

A

rare
generalized body system failure

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16
Q

what vitamins affect neuro fxn

A

b vitamins

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17
Q

major action of b6

A

cellular fxn
heme and neurotransmitter synthesis

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18
Q

major sources of b6

A

meats
grains
legumes

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19
Q

deficiency of b6

A

macrocytic anemia
cns disturbances
poor growth

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20
Q

major action of folate

A

synthesis of amino acids and hemoglobin
formation of fetal neural tube

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21
Q

major sources of folate

A

liver
green leafy veggies
legumes

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22
Q

deficiency of folate

A

megaloblastic anemia
cns disturbances
fetal neural tube defect
spina bifida

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23
Q

what is pernicious anemia

A

lacks intrinsic factor to absorb vit b12 from diet

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24
Q

b12 major action

A

folate activation
rbc maturation

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25
Q

major sources of b12

A

meats
clams
oysters
eggs
dairy

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26
Q

defieciency of b12

A

pernicious anemia
gi findings
poor muscle coordination
parasthesia of hands and feet

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27
Q

major action of biotin

A

fatty acid synthesis
amino acid metabolism
glucose formation

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28
Q

who is at risk for vit b defiecieny

A

vegans

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29
Q

major sources of biotin

A

eggs
milk
dark green veggies

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30
Q

deficiency of biotin

A

rare
scaly rash
hair loss
depression
fatigue

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31
Q

what are the fat soluble vitamins

A

vit a
vit d
vit e
vit k

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32
Q

major actions of vit a

A

normal visions
tissue strength
growth and immune system

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33
Q

major sources of vit a

A

orange/yellow fruits and veggies
fatty fish
dairy

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34
Q

deficiency of vit a

A

reduced night vision
dry/thick corneas
mucosa change

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35
Q

major actions of vit d

A

maintain blood calcium and phosphorus
aid in bone development

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36
Q

major sources of vit d

A

fish
fortified fairy
egg yolks
sunlight

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37
Q

deficiency of vit d

A

low blood calcium
fragile bones
rickets
osteomalacia

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38
Q

major actions of vit e

A

protects vit a from oxidation

39
Q

veggie oils
grains
nuts
dark green veggies

A

anemia
edema and skin lesions in infants

40
Q

major action of vit k

A

essential for prothrombin (clotting) synthesis
aids in bone metabolism

41
Q

what vitamin is antdote to warfarin

A

vit k

42
Q

major sources of vit k

A

green leafy veggies
eggs

43
Q

deficiency of vit k

A

increased bleeding times

44
Q

what are minerals

A

inorganic elements available in an aundance of food sources
used at every cellular level for metabolic exchnages

45
Q

what are the major minerals

A

sodium
chloride
potassium
magnesium
calcium
phosphorus
sulfur

46
Q

major actions of potassium

A

maintains fluid volume inside cells
muscle action

47
Q

major sources of potassium

A

oranges
dried fruits
tomatoes
avocados
dried peas
meats
broccoli
bananas
meats
whole grains
potato

48
Q

findings of potassium deficiency

A

dysrhythmias
muscle cramps
confusion
more excitable

49
Q

findings of excess potassium

A

dysrhythmia
muscle weakness
irritability
confusion
numbness in extremities
more depressed

50
Q

nsg actions for potassium

A

monitor cardiac status and ECG
give oral preparations w/ meals to minimize gi irritation

51
Q

major actions of mag

A

bone formation
catalyst for many enzyme reactions
nerve/muscle fxn
smooth muscle relaxation

52
Q

major sources of mag

A

green leafy veggies
nuts
whole grains
tuna
halibut
chocolate

53
Q

mag deficiency

A

weakness
dysrhythmias
convulsions
increased bp
anorexia

54
Q

excess mag

A

diarrhea
nausea
muscle weakness
hypotension
bradycardia
lethargy

55
Q

nsg actions of mag

A

follow seizure precautions
monitor loc and vs

56
Q

major actions of sodium

A

maintains fluid volume
allows muscle contractions
contributes to nerve impulses
follows h20

57
Q

major sources of sodium

A

table salt
added salts
processed foods

58
Q

sodium deficiency

A

muscle cramping
memory loss
anorexia

59
Q

sodium excess

A

fluid retention
htn
disorientation

60
Q

nsg actions

A

monitor loc
edema
bp

61
Q

major actions of chloride

A

assists w/ intracellular and extracellular fluid balance and aids acid base balance and digestion
bond to sodium

62
Q

major sources

A

table salt
added salts
processed foods

63
Q

chloride deficiency

A

rare
muscle cramps
anorexia

64
Q

excess chloride

A

vomiting

65
Q

nsg actions chloride

A

monitor sodium levels

66
Q

is potassium mostly inside or outside the cell

A

inside

67
Q

major actions of calcium

A

bone/teeth formation
bp
clotting
nerve transmission

68
Q

major sources of calcium

A

dairy
broccoli
kale
fortified grains

69
Q

calcium deficiency

A

tetany
postivie chvostek’s and trousseaus signs
ecg changes
osteoporosis in adults
poor growth in children

70
Q

excess calcium

A

constipation
renal stones
lethargy
depressed dtr

71
Q

nsg actions calcium

A

monitor ecg and resp status
give po tabs w/ vit d

72
Q

major actions phosphorus

A

energy transfer of rna/dna
acid-base balance
bone and teeth formation

73
Q

major sources of phosphorus

A

dairy
peas
meat
eggs
legume

74
Q

what 2 major minerals have an inverse relationship

A

calcium and phosphorus

75
Q

excess phosphorus

A

decreased blood calcium levels

76
Q

nsg action phosphorus

A

evaluate use of antacids and use of alc
impairs fxn

77
Q

when would you see sulfur deficiency

A

severe malnourishment

78
Q

what are trace minerals also called

A

micronurtrients

79
Q

major actions of iodine

A

synthesizes thyroxine

80
Q

major sources of iodine

A

seafood
table salt

81
Q

iodine deficiency

A

goiter

82
Q

excess iodine

A

thyrotoxicosis

83
Q

nsg action idoine

A

monitor for s/s of deficicney or excess

84
Q

major actions of fluoride

A

forms bond w/ calcium and accumulates in calcified tissue

85
Q

major sources of flouride

A

flouridated water
toothpaste
supplements

86
Q

flouride deficiency

A

dental carrier
increased risk for osteoporosis

87
Q

excess flouride

A

flourosis
itching
chest pain

88
Q

nsg action flouride

A

monitor for signs of excess

89
Q

what are all of the trace minerals

A

iodine
fluoride
iron

90
Q

major actions of iron

A

responsible to transport o2 to hemoglovin and myoglobin

91
Q

major sources of iron

A

heme iron: meat, fish pourltry
non-heme: grain, legumes, veggies
supplements

92
Q

iron deficiency

A

anemia
menstrucating pt
pregnant pt
older infants/toddlers

93
Q

excess iron

A

toxicity

94
Q

nsg action iron

A

teach to take supplements w/ food
food w/ vit c enhances absorption
only take supplements if prescribed by provider
side effects: n/v/d, constipation, teeth discoloration

95
Q
A

NUR 230 (16 decks)

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