Vitamins and Minerals Flashcards
are fat soluble or water soluble more dangerous
fat-solube
hangs around for longer
what are the water soluble vitamins
vit c (ascorbic acid)
thiamin (b1)
riboflavin (b2)
niacin (B3)
pantothenic acid
pyridoxine (b6)
folate
cobalamin (b12)
biotin
major action of vit c
antioxidant
tissue building
iron absorption
deficiency of vit c
scurvy
decreased iron absorption
bleeding gums
major action of b1
muscle energy
energy metabolism
major sources of b1
meats
grains
legumes
defieciency of b1
beriberi
headache
wt loss
fatigue
major action of b2
assists w/ realeasing energy from cells
major sources of b2
milk
meats
dark leafy veggies
defiecny of b2
skin eruptions
cracked lips
red swollen tongue
major action of b3
metabolism of fat, glucose, and alc
synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and steroid hormones
major sources of b3
liver
nuts
legumes
deficiency of b3
pellagra
skin lesions
GI and CNS findings
dementia
major action of panthothenic acid
carbs
fat
protein metabolism
major sources of pantothenic acid
meats
whole grain cereals
dried peas and beans
defiecieny of pantotheic acid
rare
generalized body system failure
what vitamins affect neuro fxn
b vitamins
major action of b6
cellular fxn
heme and neurotransmitter synthesis
major sources of b6
meats
grains
legumes
deficiency of b6
macrocytic anemia
cns disturbances
poor growth
major action of folate
synthesis of amino acids and hemoglobin
formation of fetal neural tube
major sources of folate
liver
green leafy veggies
legumes
deficiency of folate
megaloblastic anemia
cns disturbances
fetal neural tube defect
spina bifida
what is pernicious anemia
lacks intrinsic factor to absorb vit b12 from diet
b12 major action
folate activation
rbc maturation
major sources of b12
meats
clams
oysters
eggs
dairy
defieciency of b12
pernicious anemia
gi findings
poor muscle coordination
parasthesia of hands and feet
major action of biotin
fatty acid synthesis
amino acid metabolism
glucose formation
who is at risk for vit b defiecieny
vegans
major sources of biotin
eggs
milk
dark green veggies
deficiency of biotin
rare
scaly rash
hair loss
depression
fatigue
what are the fat soluble vitamins
vit a
vit d
vit e
vit k
major actions of vit a
normal visions
tissue strength
growth and immune system
major sources of vit a
orange/yellow fruits and veggies
fatty fish
dairy
deficiency of vit a
reduced night vision
dry/thick corneas
mucosa change
major actions of vit d
maintain blood calcium and phosphorus
aid in bone development
major sources of vit d
fish
fortified fairy
egg yolks
sunlight
deficiency of vit d
low blood calcium
fragile bones
rickets
osteomalacia
major actions of vit e
protects vit a from oxidation
veggie oils
grains
nuts
dark green veggies
anemia
edema and skin lesions in infants
major action of vit k
essential for prothrombin (clotting) synthesis
aids in bone metabolism
what vitamin is antdote to warfarin
vit k
major sources of vit k
green leafy veggies
eggs
deficiency of vit k
increased bleeding times
what are minerals
inorganic elements available in an aundance of food sources
used at every cellular level for metabolic exchnages
what are the major minerals
sodium
chloride
potassium
magnesium
calcium
phosphorus
sulfur
major actions of potassium
maintains fluid volume inside cells
muscle action
major sources of potassium
oranges
dried fruits
tomatoes
avocados
dried peas
meats
broccoli
bananas
meats
whole grains
potato
findings of potassium deficiency
dysrhythmias
muscle cramps
confusion
more excitable
findings of excess potassium
dysrhythmia
muscle weakness
irritability
confusion
numbness in extremities
more depressed
nsg actions for potassium
monitor cardiac status and ECG
give oral preparations w/ meals to minimize gi irritation
major actions of mag
bone formation
catalyst for many enzyme reactions
nerve/muscle fxn
smooth muscle relaxation
major sources of mag
green leafy veggies
nuts
whole grains
tuna
halibut
chocolate
mag deficiency
weakness
dysrhythmias
convulsions
increased bp
anorexia
excess mag
diarrhea
nausea
muscle weakness
hypotension
bradycardia
lethargy
nsg actions of mag
follow seizure precautions
monitor loc and vs
major actions of sodium
maintains fluid volume
allows muscle contractions
contributes to nerve impulses
follows h20
major sources of sodium
table salt
added salts
processed foods
sodium deficiency
muscle cramping
memory loss
anorexia
sodium excess
fluid retention
htn
disorientation
nsg actions
monitor loc
edema
bp
major actions of chloride
assists w/ intracellular and extracellular fluid balance and aids acid base balance and digestion
bond to sodium
major sources
table salt
added salts
processed foods
chloride deficiency
rare
muscle cramps
anorexia
excess chloride
vomiting
nsg actions chloride
monitor sodium levels
is potassium mostly inside or outside the cell
inside
major actions of calcium
bone/teeth formation
bp
clotting
nerve transmission
major sources of calcium
dairy
broccoli
kale
fortified grains
calcium deficiency
tetany
postivie chvostek’s and trousseaus signs
ecg changes
osteoporosis in adults
poor growth in children
excess calcium
constipation
renal stones
lethargy
depressed dtr
nsg actions calcium
monitor ecg and resp status
give po tabs w/ vit d
major actions phosphorus
energy transfer of rna/dna
acid-base balance
bone and teeth formation
major sources of phosphorus
dairy
peas
meat
eggs
legume
what 2 major minerals have an inverse relationship
calcium and phosphorus
excess phosphorus
decreased blood calcium levels
nsg action phosphorus
evaluate use of antacids and use of alc
impairs fxn
when would you see sulfur deficiency
severe malnourishment
what are trace minerals also called
micronurtrients
major actions of iodine
synthesizes thyroxine
major sources of iodine
seafood
table salt
iodine deficiency
goiter
excess iodine
thyrotoxicosis
nsg action idoine
monitor for s/s of deficicney or excess
major actions of fluoride
forms bond w/ calcium and accumulates in calcified tissue
major sources of flouride
flouridated water
toothpaste
supplements
flouride deficiency
dental carrier
increased risk for osteoporosis
excess flouride
flourosis
itching
chest pain
nsg action flouride
monitor for signs of excess
what are all of the trace minerals
iodine
fluoride
iron
major actions of iron
responsible to transport o2 to hemoglovin and myoglobin
major sources of iron
heme iron: meat, fish pourltry
non-heme: grain, legumes, veggies
supplements
iron deficiency
anemia
menstrucating pt
pregnant pt
older infants/toddlers
excess iron
toxicity
nsg action iron
teach to take supplements w/ food
food w/ vit c enhances absorption
only take supplements if prescribed by provider
side effects: n/v/d, constipation, teeth discoloration
