Perfusion

Question 1

what is heart contraction called

Answer 1

systole

Question 2

what is filling time

Answer 2

diastole

Question 3

what is ischemia

Answer 3

lack of 02 to tissues

Question 4

infarction

Answer 4

prolonged ischemia

Question 5

what is anoxia

Answer 5

absence of 02

Question 6

what is central perfusion

Answer 6

heart as pump

Question 7

what is tissue perfusion

Answer 7

volume of blood to tissue from vasculature

Question 8

what is cardiac output

Answer 8

◦ The amount of work performed by the heart in response to the body’s need for oxygen
◦ The amount of blood pumped by the heart by minute
CO = stroke volume (SV) x heart rate (HR)

Question 9

what is normal co

Answer 9

4-6L/minute in adults

Question 10

what is preload

Answer 10

volume in ventricles prior to contractility
“stretch” impacts contractility

Question 11

what is afterload

Answer 11

resistance against heart pumping
can be impacted by narrowing

Question 12

what do you need for tissue perfusion

Answer 12

contraction
patent vessels
adequate hydrostatic pressure
capillary permeability

Question 13

c vs t L ventricular atrophy

Answer 13

c

Question 13

c vs t red and swollen r leg

Answer 13

t

Question 14

c vs t decreased ejection fraction

Answer 14

c

Question 15

c vs t pe causing sob

Answer 15

t

Question 16

c vs t cyanotic l hand

Answer 16

t

Question 17

c vs t generalised cyanosis and mottling

Answer 17

c

Question 18

what is shock

Answer 18

central perfusion prob
Inability of central perfusion to supply
blood to peripheral tissues

Question 19

what is cardiogenic shcok

Answer 19

heart unable to act as pump

Question 20

what is hemorrhagic shock

Answer 20

fluid is lost from excessive blood loss

Question 21

what is anaphylactic, neurogenic, and septic shock

Answer 21

system vasodilation occurs

Question 22

impaired perfusion s/s

Answer 22

pain
syncope
dizziness
edema
bleeding/bruising
fatigue

Question 23

decreased perfusn skin assessment

Answer 23

palw, ashen, cyanotic
decreased cap refill
cool clammy

Question 24

decreased perfusion gi assessment

Answer 24

increased ng tube output, diarhhea, constipation
decreased bowel sounds

Question 25

decreased perfusion kidney assessment

Answer 25

Look: decreased urine output, increased
urine concentration, elevated
BUN/creatinine/potassium
◦ Lungs
◦ Look: increased respiratory rate and
effort; decreased O2 sat or PaO2 on ABG
◦ Listen: shortness of breath, crackles from
heart failure

Question 26

decreased perfusion brain assessment

Answer 26

Look: decreased level of consciousness,
slow pupillary reaction
◦ Listen: disorientation

Question 27

decreased perfusion heart assessment

Answer 27

Look: tachy or brady-dysrhythmias;
ectopy, ST elevation
◦ Listen: chest pain (client report);
abnormal heart sounds
◦ Feel: pulses weak, thready, or irregular

Question 28

labs

Answer 28

Cardiac enzymes/markers
◦ Creatine Kinase
◦ Cardiac troponins
◦ Myoglobin
◦ Homocysteine
◦ C-reactive protein
◦ Serum lipids
◦ Complete blood count
◦ Blood coagulability
◦ Bone marrow biopsy

Question 29

diagnostic tests

Answer 29

ecg
stress test
cxr
us
arteriogram
venogram

Question 30

procedures and surgery

Answer 30

Defibrillation
Pacemaker
Heart valve replacement
Arterial bypass graft
Angioplasty with stent
placement
Endarterectomy
Thrombectomy
Cardiac transplant