Perfusion Flashcards
what is heart contraction called
systole
what is filling time
diastole
what is ischemia
lack of 02 to tissues
infarction
prolonged ischemia
what is anoxia
absence of 02
what is central perfusion
heart as pump
what is tissue perfusion
volume of blood to tissue from vasculature
what is cardiac output
◦ The amount of work performed by the heart in response to the body’s need for oxygen
◦ The amount of blood pumped by the heart by minute
CO = stroke volume (SV) x heart rate (HR)
what is normal co
4-6L/minute in adults
what is preload
volume in ventricles prior to contractility
“stretch” impacts contractility
what is afterload
resistance against heart pumping
can be impacted by narrowing
what do you need for tissue perfusion
contraction
patent vessels
adequate hydrostatic pressure
capillary permeability
c vs t L ventricular atrophy
c
c vs t red and swollen r leg
t
c vs t decreased ejection fraction
c
c vs t pe causing sob
t
c vs t cyanotic l hand
t
c vs t generalised cyanosis and mottling
c
what is shock
central perfusion prob
Inability of central perfusion to supply
blood to peripheral tissues
what is cardiogenic shcok
heart unable to act as pump
what is hemorrhagic shock
fluid is lost from excessive blood loss
what is anaphylactic, neurogenic, and septic shock
system vasodilation occurs
impaired perfusion s/s
pain
syncope
dizziness
edema
bleeding/bruising
fatigue
decreased perfusn skin assessment
palw, ashen, cyanotic
decreased cap refill
cool clammy
decreased perfusion gi assessment
increased ng tube output, diarhhea, constipation
decreased bowel sounds
decreased perfusion kidney assessment
Look: decreased urine output, increased
urine concentration, elevated
BUN/creatinine/potassium
◦ Lungs
◦ Look: increased respiratory rate and
effort; decreased O2 sat or PaO2 on ABG
◦ Listen: shortness of breath, crackles from
heart failure
decreased perfusion brain assessment
Look: decreased level of consciousness,
slow pupillary reaction
◦ Listen: disorientation
decreased perfusion heart assessment
Look: tachy or brady-dysrhythmias;
ectopy, ST elevation
◦ Listen: chest pain (client report);
abnormal heart sounds
◦ Feel: pulses weak, thready, or irregular
labs
Cardiac enzymes/markers
◦ Creatine Kinase
◦ Cardiac troponins
◦ Myoglobin
◦ Homocysteine
◦ C-reactive protein
◦ Serum lipids
◦ Complete blood count
◦ Blood coagulability
◦ Bone marrow biopsy
diagnostic tests
ecg
stress test
cxr
us
arteriogram
venogram
procedures and surgery
Defibrillation
Pacemaker
Heart valve replacement
Arterial bypass graft
Angioplasty with stent
placement
Endarterectomy
Thrombectomy
Cardiac transplant
