Gastroenteritis

Question 1

what is gastroenteritis

Answer 1

INFECTION OF INTESTINAL
LINING WITH PATHOGEN

Question 2

gastroenteritis causes fluid….

Answer 2

loss

Question 3

s/s

Answer 3

v/d
abd cramping
anorexia
thirst
fever
malaise

Question 4

assessment

Answer 4

health hx
hydration status
i/o
stool

Question 5

diagnostics

Answer 5

stool sample
cbc, serum chemistries (bmp/cmp)
ua
endoscopy/barium enema

Question 6

diagnostic findings

Answer 6

• INCREASED WBC
• ANEMIA (IF IRON DEFICIENCY OR BLOODY DIARRHEA)
• HEMOCONCENTRATION increased
• HGB/HCT increased
• BUN/CR increased
• URINE SPECIFIC GRAVITY increased
• SODIUM- LOW, HIGH, OR NORMAL
• POTASSIUM LOW

Question 7

which acid base imbalances can it cause

Answer 7

• METABOLIC ACIDOSIS (LOSS OF HCO3 IN
  DIARRHEA)
• METABOLIC ALKALOSIS (LOSS OF H+ WITH
  VOMITING)

Question 8

complications

Answer 8

• OLDER/YOUNGER AT INCREASED RISK
• DEHYDRATION
• MONITOR FOR LEVEL OF SEVERITY
• ELECTROLYTE LOSS
• CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS
• AKI
• BACTERIA CAN SPREAD TO BLOOD, BRAIN/SPINAL CORD,
  BONES, JOINTS

Question 9

isotonic dehydration

Answer 9

sodium w/in normal limits
can give ns
can correct rapidly

Question 10

hypotonic dehydration

Answer 10

change in osmolality
sodium is too low
can give ns
h20 into cell
can correct rapidly

Question 11

hypertonic dehydration

Answer 11

increased osmolality
sodium high
h20 out of cell
want to replace fluid slowly
sometimes give ns

Question 12

symptoms of dehydration

Answer 12

DRY MUCOUS
MEMBRANES
* SUNKEN EYES
* POOR SKIN TURGOR
* TACHYCARDIA
* DECREASED CAPILLARY
REFILL
* ORTHOSTATIC
hypotension
oliguria or anuria

Question 13

interventions

Answer 13

antibiotics
anti-inflammatories
anti-diarrheal
postassium replacement