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Pharm Final > Vitamins And Mineral > Flashcards

Vitamins And Mineral Flashcards

1
Q

What are water soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin B and C

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2
Q

What are fat soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin A, K, E, D

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3
Q

What are ways in which vitamins works?

A

Water soluble (coenzyme, catalyze specific reactions)
Antioxidants - Vitamin E, C
Hormones - Vitamin A and D

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4
Q

After oxidation vitamin C forms

A

Dehydroascorbic acid

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5
Q

For an oxidation reaction, what type of agent is Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)

A

Reducing agent

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6
Q

What are sources of Vitamin C

A

citrus fruits, green peppers, tomatoes, strawberries, broccoli, raw cabbage, baked tomatoes, papaya

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7
Q

Vitamin C is easily destroyed by

A

Cooking

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8
Q

What is the role of vitamin C (3)

A
  • ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid form a reversible ox-reduction system
  • biological ox-red rxns in cellular respiration
  • connective tissue metabolism- formation of collagen
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9
Q

A deficiency in vitamin C leads to (2)

A

Scurvy

CT production inability - collagen, bone matrix, dentin, cartilage, vascular endothelium

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10
Q

Where can humans get Vitamin and why?

A

Can only get from diet since the human body cannot synthesize this vitamin

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11
Q

Adverse reactions of too much vitamin C

A

Precipitation of oxalate stones in the urinary tract

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12
Q

What are some (2) clinical consideration of vitamin C

A
  • prevent common cold

- enhances the absorption of iron

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13
Q

What are the different classes of B vitamins (3)

A
  • release energy
  • catalyze formation of RBCs
  • not required for human nutrition
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14
Q

What is vitamin B1

A

Thiamine

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15
Q

Source of Vitamin B1

A

Foods, animal and vegetable

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16
Q

What is the role of vitamin B1

A

Thiamin is an intermediary metabolism

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17
Q

A deficiency in thiamin leads to

A

Vitamin B1 = beriberi

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18
Q

What are some adverse reactions of vitamin B1

A

Thiamin is non - toxic but some are hypersensitive

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19
Q

What is Vitamin B1 used for

A

Treatment of a variety of manifestation of deficiencies

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20
Q

What is vitamin B2

A

Riboflavin

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21
Q

Where can you get vitamin B2

A

In both animal and vegetable

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22
Q

What is the role of vitamin B2

A

They are two flavoprotein Enzymes

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23
Q

What does the deficiency in vitamin B 2 cause

A

Symptoms involving the lips, tongue and skin

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24
Q

What are adverse reactions of vitamin B2

A

NON TOXIC YAY

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25
Q

A deficiency in vitamin B2 occurs commonly in

A

Alcoholics, economically deprived, or patients with severe GI disease

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26
Q

What is vitamin B3

A

Niacin or nicotinic acid

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27
Q

What is the role of vitamin b3

A

Alleviate symptoms of deficiency

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28
Q

A deficiency in vit b3 is called

A

Pellagra

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29
Q

Source of vitamin b3

A

Lean meats, fish, liver, poultry, legumes, and whole grains

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30
Q

What is the role of vitamin b3

A

Roles in metabolism through the participation of ox-red reactions

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31
Q

Large doses of vitamin B3 are

A

Cutaneous flushing, pruritis, GI distress

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32
Q

Uses of vitamin b3

A

Pellagra and hyperlipidemia

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33
Q

What is vit b6

A

Pyroxidine

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34
Q

The source of vitamin b6

A

Foods, both animal and vegetable

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35
Q

Deficiencies in vit b6 are

A

Rare

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36
Q

The adverse reactions of vitamin b6 are

A

Non toxic

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37
Q

Vit b6 can be prescribed with

A

Isoniazid

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38
Q

vit b6 can cancel the effect of

A

The drug levodopa

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39
Q

What is vitamin b9

A

Folic acid

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40
Q

Sources of vit b9

A

GRANULAR MEATS liver, some fruits and veg, wheat germ and yeast

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41
Q

What is the role of vitamin b9

A

transfer and utilization of one carbon groups

42
Q

Deficiency of vitamin b9

A

Megaloplastic anemia

43
Q

Adverse reactions of vitamin b9

A

Nontoxic

44
Q

What are some effects of vitamin b9 in regards to pernicious anemia

A

B9 will cause remission of Hematologic effects of pernicious anemia

45
Q

Vitamin b9 will also not in regards to vitamin b12 deficiencies

A

It will not prevent neurological effects caused by vit b12 deficiencies

46
Q

Vitamin b12 is chemically complex because

A

It contains four extensively substituted pyrole rings surrounding a cobalt atom

47
Q

Source of vit b12

A

Certain MOs that synthesize the vit

48
Q

Role of b12

A

Coenzyme required in the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl CoA

49
Q

A deficiency in vitamin b12 causes

A

Hematopoiesis, GI disturbances, inadequate myelin synthesis, general debility

50
Q

The most common cause in pernicious anemia is

A

The deficiency in vitamin b12

51
Q

Adverse reactions of vit b12

A

Non toxic

52
Q

Which individuals can exhibit symptoms of vitamin b12 deficiency

A

Vegetarians who have ha da gastrectomy

53
Q

Panthothenic and biotin are what type of vitamins

A

Vitamin b - water soluble

54
Q

Panthothenic acid is

A

A compound required to form acetyl-CoA

55
Q

Source of panthothenic acid

A

All living material

56
Q

Role of pathothenic acid

A

For normal epithelial rxn

57
Q

Deficiency in pantothenic acid is

A

Rare

58
Q

Pantothenic acid promotes

A

GI motility

59
Q

What is biotin

A

Essential growth factor for yeast

60
Q

Source of biotin

A

Almost all foods, synthesized by microflora by the intestinal tract

61
Q

What is the role of biotin

A

The coenzyme required in metabolism of CO2 fixation reactions

62
Q

Biotin deficiency

A

Occurs with long term parenteral nutrition

63
Q

These agents can cause a biotin deficiency

A

Anti infective agents

64
Q

What are the two B vitamins not req’d for human nutrition

A

Vitamin B15 (pangamic) B17 (amygdalin)

65
Q

These two B compounds are not required in the human diet

A

Choline or inositol

66
Q

What is vitamin a

A

Necessary for normal growth an maintaining health and integrity of epithelial tissues

67
Q

Vitamin A represents these groups

A

Retinoids and carotenoids

68
Q

Source of vitamin a

A

Saltwater fish and animal tissue

69
Q

The greatest source of vitamin a is

A

Carotenes ( found in pigmented fruits and vegetables

70
Q

Roles of vitamin A (4)

A

Prevents night blindness
Integrity of epithelial mucosa
Cell mediated and antibody immunity
Role in skin production

71
Q

Deficiency in vitamin a causes (6)

A

Night blindness, xerophthalmia, dry rough skin, loss of appetite, diarrhea and reduced resistance to infection

72
Q

Toxicity in vitamin A deficiency are (7)

A

Itching skin, desquamation, coarse or absent hair, painful subcutaneous swelling, gingivitis, hyper irritability, limitation of motion

73
Q

Pharmacologic use of vitamin a

A

Trent in: acne tx

Isotretinoin - tx of severe cystic acne

74
Q

Vitamin D sources are

A

UV irradiation from the skin

Foods: fortified milk, fatty fish, fish liver oils, butter, egg, yolk, liver, fortified juices

75
Q

The role of vitamin D is

A

Mineralization of bone by stimulating intestinal absorption of calcium and decreasing excretion from the kidney

76
Q

A deficiency in vitamin d

A

Produces inadequate absorption of calcium and phosphate with a decrease in plasma calcium

77
Q

Toxicity of vitamin D

A

Symptoms of hypervitmaninosis of vitamin d are caused by abnormal calcium metabolism

78
Q

Vitamin D are used to prevent

A

Rickets, chronic hypocalcemia, hypophosphotemia, osteodystrophy, and osteomalacia

79
Q

These have naturally posses vitamin E activity

A

Tocopherol (there are eight of them)

80
Q

Source of vitamin E

A

Vegetable oils

81
Q

A deficiency in vitamin E causes (4)

A

Retinal degeneration, hemolytic anemia, muscle weakness, neurologic damage

82
Q

Vit E deficiency

A

Is low

83
Q

Daily intake of vitamin E should not exceed

A

1000 mg

84
Q

What are therapeutic used of vitamin E

A

None has been proven

85
Q

Vitamin K is present in

A

Hog liver and alfalfa

86
Q

Sources of vitamin K

A

Green veg, egg yolk, soybean oil, and liver

87
Q

Role of vitamin K

A

Normal blood coagulation

88
Q

Toxicity of vitamin K increased

A

With the use of high dose synthetic form > jaundice

89
Q

Iron is found in

A

Hemoglobin

90
Q

Source of Iron

A

Organ meats, wheat germ, yeast, egg yolk, oysters, red meats, dried beans

91
Q

Excretion of Iron

A

Does not since it wants to conserve it

92
Q

Role of iron

A

Energy metabolism

93
Q

Deficiency in iron occurs

A

With growth, blood loss, inadequate intake during pregnancy or lactation

94
Q

Excess iron =

A

Liver cirrhosis, skin pigmentation

95
Q

Toxicity of iron

A

Bleeding into intestine with acute OD = shock or death

96
Q

Sources of zinc

A

Seafood and meat

97
Q

Role of zinc

A

Digestive enzyme constituent, skin integrity, wound healing, growth

98
Q

Deficiency in zinc =

A

Delay in sexual maturity, slow wound healing, slow growth

99
Q

Excess in zinc =

A

Fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

100
Q

Calcium role

A

Bone and tooth formation, blood clotting, nerve transmission, muscle contractility

101
Q

Deficiency in calcium -

A

Stunted growth, rickets, osteoporosis, convulsions

102
Q

Excess in calcium=

A

Hypocalcemia,soft tissue calcification, renal impairment, psychosis

Pharm Final (12 decks)

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