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Pharm Final > Antineoplastic Drugs > Flashcards

Antineoplastic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

The most common cancer in both men and women is

A

lung cancer

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2
Q

most common cancer for women?men?

A

breast. prostate

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3
Q

the second leading cancer in both men and women

A

colorectal

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4
Q

cancer is chacterized by

A
  • uncontrolled cellular growth

- local tissue invasion

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5
Q

normal cell functions

A

to replace worn out cells, heal wounds and maintain healthy organs

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6
Q

metastasis pathways

A

lymphatic (most common), blood, body spaces (eg. abdominal cavity), through implantation

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7
Q

remission is

A

the elimination or reduction in the disease (may be transient or permanent)

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8
Q

what are the phases of carcinogenesis

A
  1. initiation - exposure to carcinogens = ce;; damage and cell mutation
  2. promotion - altered environment promotion of cell growth
  3. transformation - cells become cancerous and detectable
  4. progression - genetic changes, further cell growth and metastases
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9
Q

cancer cell cycles

A

cell cycle specific - most effective when in a specific phase of the cycle (cycling)
cell cycle non-specific - effective during both division and resting states of the cell cycle

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10
Q

treatment method: surgery used for

A

diagnosis for most early stages of solid tumors

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11
Q

treatment method: radiation

A

to shrink tumors that are localized

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12
Q

tx method. to treat the primary tumor as well as areas of metastases

A

chemotherapy

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13
Q

last tx method

A

biologic therapu

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14
Q

chemotherapies:

A

alkylating agents, antimetabolites, plant alkaloids, antitumor antibiotics, hormones

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15
Q

chemotherapies are organized by

A

MoA and origin

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16
Q

biologic therapy targets

A

specific areas affecting cell growth

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17
Q

biological therapy design

A

improves outcomes with less adverse effects

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18
Q

biological therapies not just for cancer

A

psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, crohns disease

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19
Q

cell cycle specific vs cell cycle non specific

A

Cell cycle specific: NOT G0, greatest effects on actively dividing cells, at certain phases of cell growth
non cycle specific - INCLUDING G0 against slow growing tumours, at any stage

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20
Q

cell cycle specific tx

A

antimetabolites, bliomycin, vinca alkaloids, podophyllin

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21
Q

cell cycle non-specific tx

A

alkylating agents, abs, cisplatin, nitrosoureas

22
Q

Gap 0 phase

A

resting phase, cells not dividin

23
Q

Gap 1 phase

A

post mitotic phase- enzymes necessary for DNA synthesis, protein and RNA synthesis

24
Q

synthesis phase

A

cellular DNA duplicated

25
Q

gap 2 phase

A

premitotic phase - precursors of mitotic spindle procedure

26
Q

mitosis phase

A

cell division: P,M,A,T and cytokinesis

27
Q

alkylating agents and specificity

A

non specific

inhibit DNA replication

28
Q

how do alkylating agents inhibit DNA replication

A

covalently binds to DNA strands (DNA strand breakage or uncoiling)
inhibits DNA synthesis and fxn

29
Q

what are major toxicities of alkylating agents

A

Myelosuppression is a major dose-limiting toxicity
Sterility, Nausea/vomiting, alopecia (hair loss)
Second malignancies

30
Q

what are the different types of alkylating agents

A
  1. nitrogen mustards, platinum analogs, nitrosoureas, alkyl sulfonates, non classic
31
Q

which type of alkylating is classic?heavy metals?

A

nitrogen mustards. platinum analogs

32
Q

what are anti-metabolites? cell specificiy

A

structural analogs of natural metabolites involve in DNA and RNA synthesis
disrupt cell replication and cell division in DNA, RNA strands and cellular proteins
= S phase

33
Q

examples of anti metabolites

A

pyrimidine analogs, purine analogs, anti-folate

34
Q

what are plant alkaloids? cell specificity?

A

halts cell division leading to cell death (inhibits mitosis) and inhibit tumor proliferation

35
Q

example of plant alkaloids

A 
vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine)
taxoids (paclitaxil, docetaxel - stabilize microtubule)
36
Q

Where are these drugs derived from

Vincristine? Vinblatine? docetaxel

A

Periwinkle plant, periwinkle plant, yew plant

37
Q

Antitumor antiobiotics? specificity

A

blocks DNA/RNA sysnthesis and interferes with cell replication.
non specific

38
Q

examples of antitumor antibiotics

A

bleomycin, doxorubicin, mitomycin

39
Q

hormones: estrogen receptor modulator

use? cancer type? ex?

A

binds to estrogen receptors on the tumor, decreasing DNA synthesis. breast cancer. tamoxifen

40
Q

hormones: aromatose inhibitors

use? cancer type? ex?

A

blocks estrogen from being produced in post-menoposal women. breast cancer. anastrozole, letrozole.

41
Q

hormones: antiandrogens

use? cancer type? ex?

A

blocks testosterone from binding at the androgen receptor on tumor cells. prostate cancer. cyproterone, bicalutamide. flutamide.

42
Q

when are estrogen receptor modulator used

A

3-5 yrs after surgical removal. primarily pre and post menopausal women with hormonal receptive cancer and for breast cancer in men

43
Q

when are aromatase inhibitors used

A

added to tx after 3-5 yerds of estrogen receptor modulator (tamoxifen) duration 2-3 yrs

44
Q

what are biologic response modifier

A

inhibits replication, suppresses proliferation, enhances cell breakdown

45
Q

examples of biologic response modifiers

A

interferon, monoclonal antibodies,

46
Q

what are bone metabolism regulators

A

inhibits bone resorption by binding to crystals in the bone matrix where there is an increased turnover rate of bone, inhibition of osteoclast function and decrease bone destruction,

47
Q

bone metabolism regulators treat these type of cancers

A

that have moved to the bone

48
Q

ex of bone metabolism regulators

A

pamidronate, clodronate

49
Q

diff between pamidronate and clodronate? similarities

A

p: for tumor induced hypercalemia
c: for malignancy related hypercalcemia
both: osteolytic bone metastases and osteonecrosis of the jaw (rare

50
Q

mucositis is a dental implication of chemotherapy.when does is occur and what causes it? prevention?

A

5-7 days or weeks of starting chemo. 5-fluorocacil (antimetabolite). ice chips, basic OH, alcohol free mouthwast/ soda/ salt rinse

51
Q

tx of mucositis

A

benzydamine - numbness and relieve pain. remove dentures, oral rinses, asses brushing and diet, severe= analgesics

52
Q

gingival bleeding can be cause by? tx?

A

low platelet counts. CHX rinse

Pharm Final (12 decks)

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