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Pharm Final > GI Drugs > Flashcards

GI Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

GI tract is highly susceptible to emotional changes because

A

It is innervated by the vagus nerve associated with the ANS

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2
Q

What is the occurence of GERD

A

40%

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3
Q

Irritation, inflammation and erosion occurs in GERD because of

A

Stomach contents flow back up into the esophagus

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4
Q

Treatment of GERD is to? Through?

A

Decreasing the acid in the stomach. H2 blockers and Proton pump inhibitors. Antacids relief for acute symptoms.

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5
Q

Ulcers may be related to the presence of this bacteria

A

Helicobacter pylori

Chronic use of NSAIDs

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6
Q

Treatment of h. Pylori related ulcer

A

Combination of two antibiotics and a PPI to reduce stomach acid

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7
Q

NSAIDs cause ulcers because

A

NSAIDs inhibit the synthesis of PGs (prostoglandins) they are cytoproctective to the stomach

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8
Q

What are the drugs used to treat ulcer and GERD

A

Antacids, H2 blocking agents, PPI, mixed antiinfectice therapy, other GI drugs

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9
Q

Action of antacids

A

Partially neutralize HCl

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10
Q

What are the active ingredients in antacid

A

Calcium carbonate, aluminum and magnesium slates, sodium bicarbonate, and magnesium aluminum hydroxide gels

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11
Q

Antacids raise the pH to 3-4 which

A

Reduces the erosive effects of the acid and pepsin activity

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12
Q

How does alginic acid (antacid) work

A

Creates a barrier

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13
Q

H2 action

A

Block and inhibit gastric acid secretion by competitive inhibition of histamine at the H2 parietal cells

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14
Q

Histamines end in

A

-tidine

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15
Q

Use of H2 blocking agents

A

Mild to moderate GERD

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16
Q

H2 blocking agents is for the prevention

A

Of acid related symptoms for consumption of food and/or beverage

17
Q

Adverse reactions of H2 blocking agents

A

Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea (ranitidine, famotidine)
More potentially side effects and has numerous drug interactions (cimetidine)

18
Q

Proton pump inhibitors end in

A

-zole

19
Q

What was the first PPI

A

Omeprazole

20
Q

Action of PPI

A

Inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, heals both gastric and duodenal ulcers, and is approved GERD

21
Q

PPIs inhibit

A

H+ and K+ ATPase enzyme systems at the surface of the gastric parietal cells

22
Q

Side effects of omeprazole (PPI)

A

Headache and abdominal pain

23
Q

PPI side effects

A

Atrophy of the tongue, taste perversion, esophageal candidiasis, and dry mouth

24
Q

Mixed antiinfective therapy

A

2 abs and a PPI (clarithromycin and amoxicillin)

25
Q

When are laxatives used

A

For short term: constipation and before diagnostic procedures

26
Q

Types of laxatives

A

Bulk laxatives, lubricants, stimulants, stool softeners, osmotic laxatives

27
Q

Bulk laxatives action

A

Polysaccharide or cellulose derivatives - Form gels when combined with intestinal fluids

28
Q

Lubricants action

A

Can be absorbed and interfere with absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

29
Q

Stimulants action

A

Increase peristaltic activity of the intestine

30
Q

Stool softeners action

A

Wets and softens stools by accumulating water in the intestine

31
Q

Osmotic laxative (milk of magnesia) action

A

Draws water into the intestine, increasing pressure, stimulating evacuation

32
Q

Types of antidiarrheals

A

Antimotility agents, absorbent, antisecretory

33
Q

What is the most effective antidiarrheal agents

A

Antimotility - works on the sm. musc of the GI tract

34
Q

Antiemetic drugs has these effects

A

Anticholinergic, dental - xerostomia

35
Q

Ulcerative colitis vs Crohn’s disease

A

C: through all layers of the intestinal wall. Any part of the GI , discontinuous
U: mucosa and submucosa only, colon and rectum only continuous lesions

36
Q

Agents used to manage chronic IBD

A

Aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, biologic response modifiers, antibiotics

Pharm Final (12 decks)

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