GI Drugs Flashcards
GI tract is highly susceptible to emotional changes because
It is innervated by the vagus nerve associated with the ANS
What is the occurence of GERD
40%
Irritation, inflammation and erosion occurs in GERD because of
Stomach contents flow back up into the esophagus
Treatment of GERD is to? Through?
Decreasing the acid in the stomach. H2 blockers and Proton pump inhibitors. Antacids relief for acute symptoms.
Ulcers may be related to the presence of this bacteria
Helicobacter pylori
Chronic use of NSAIDs
Treatment of h. Pylori related ulcer
Combination of two antibiotics and a PPI to reduce stomach acid
NSAIDs cause ulcers because
NSAIDs inhibit the synthesis of PGs (prostoglandins) they are cytoproctective to the stomach
What are the drugs used to treat ulcer and GERD
Antacids, H2 blocking agents, PPI, mixed antiinfectice therapy, other GI drugs
Action of antacids
Partially neutralize HCl
What are the active ingredients in antacid
Calcium carbonate, aluminum and magnesium slates, sodium bicarbonate, and magnesium aluminum hydroxide gels
Antacids raise the pH to 3-4 which
Reduces the erosive effects of the acid and pepsin activity
How does alginic acid (antacid) work
Creates a barrier
H2 action
Block and inhibit gastric acid secretion by competitive inhibition of histamine at the H2 parietal cells
Histamines end in
-tidine
Use of H2 blocking agents
Mild to moderate GERD
H2 blocking agents is for the prevention
Of acid related symptoms for consumption of food and/or beverage
Adverse reactions of H2 blocking agents
Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea (ranitidine, famotidine)
More potentially side effects and has numerous drug interactions (cimetidine)
Proton pump inhibitors end in
-zole
What was the first PPI
Omeprazole
Action of PPI
Inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, heals both gastric and duodenal ulcers, and is approved GERD
PPIs inhibit
H+ and K+ ATPase enzyme systems at the surface of the gastric parietal cells
Side effects of omeprazole (PPI)
Headache and abdominal pain
PPI side effects
Atrophy of the tongue, taste perversion, esophageal candidiasis, and dry mouth
Mixed antiinfective therapy
2 abs and a PPI (clarithromycin and amoxicillin)
When are laxatives used
For short term: constipation and before diagnostic procedures
Types of laxatives
Bulk laxatives, lubricants, stimulants, stool softeners, osmotic laxatives
Bulk laxatives action
Polysaccharide or cellulose derivatives - Form gels when combined with intestinal fluids
Lubricants action
Can be absorbed and interfere with absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
Stimulants action
Increase peristaltic activity of the intestine
Stool softeners action
Wets and softens stools by accumulating water in the intestine
Osmotic laxative (milk of magnesia) action
Draws water into the intestine, increasing pressure, stimulating evacuation
Types of antidiarrheals
Antimotility agents, absorbent, antisecretory
What is the most effective antidiarrheal agents
Antimotility - works on the sm. musc of the GI tract
Antiemetic drugs has these effects
Anticholinergic, dental - xerostomia
Ulcerative colitis vs Crohn’s disease
C: through all layers of the intestinal wall. Any part of the GI , discontinuous
U: mucosa and submucosa only, colon and rectum only continuous lesions
Agents used to manage chronic IBD
Aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, biologic response modifiers, antibiotics
