Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm Final > Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are respiratory diseases

A

Asthma, COPS, upper resp tract infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Drug groups for treatment of RDs

A

Adrenergic drug for bronchodilation and corticosteroids for inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the classifications of RDs

A

non-infectious (asthma and COPD), viral or bacterial respiratory infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Difference between asthma and COPD (reversibility of airway obstruction)

A

A: reversible
C: irreversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Causes of asthma attacks

A

Allergen, pollen, exercise, stress, or upper resp tract infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is status asthmaticus

A

Is the persistent life-threatening bronchospasm drug therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the signs of asthma

A

Wheezing and shortness of breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two main mechanisms of COPD

A
  • chronic inflammation of the airway and excessive sputum production
  • alveolar destruction with airway space enlargement and collapse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What controls respiration

A

Chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, behavioural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chemoreceptors are the main stimulus for respiration. Breathing is stimulated by? And in COPD

A

By the increase of CO2 pressure.

By the decrease of O2 Pressure for COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mechanorecptotes detect changes in

A

Flow, pressure or volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Behavioural controls of receptors pertain to

A

Emotional affective condition of the client such as anxiety, pain, or general discomfort may cause ventilation that is excessive for the metabolic demand of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How are respiratory drugs delivered to the lungs? And what are they

A

Directly through inhalation devices.

Beta 2 agonists, anticholinergics/antimuscarinics, corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Other resp drugs than direct

A

Leukotrine modifiers, methylxanthines, Anti-IgE antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the difference between COPD and asthma drugs

A

When it is administered. As the same drugs are used for both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the advantages of inhalation devices

A
  • directly to the bronchioles
  • greater than oral dose
  • accurate measurement
  • rapid and predictable onset
  • compact, portable and sterile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Beta agonists work by the stimulation of

A

Beta receptors in the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The activation of beta receptors result in an accumulation of __________ in the smooth muscles, and causes ___________

A

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), relaxation of smooth muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This type of beta agonist produce fewer cardiac side effects

A

Selective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are side effects of beta agonists

A

Nervousness, tachycardia, xerostomia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the two types of beta agonists

A

Short and long acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Short acting beta agonists are used for the treatment of? What is the drug called

A

Both asthma and COPD. Salbutamol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the onset and duration time of short acting beta agonist

A

Within minutes and lasts up to 4-6 hours

24
Q

What is the onset and duration of action for long acting beta agonist

A

Delayed but duration is sustained

25
Q

Long acting beta agonist is used for the mgmt of

A

First line of COPD not for acute attacks

26
Q

What is the MoA for anticholinergics

A

Inhibits cholinergic response > bronchodilation

27
Q

Anticholinergics affect sputum by

A

The reduction in volume but not the viscosity

28
Q

What are the side effects of anticholinergics

A

Xerostomia, bitter taste

29
Q

What are the two types of anticholinergics and where are they used

A

Short - COPD reliever and controller

Long - first line COP

30
Q

This is used for chronic therapy and what is its route

A

Corticosteroids through the inhaled route

31
Q

Corticosteroids can be used through the oral route when

A

There is an acute exacerbation

32
Q

What is the MoA of corticosteroids

A
  • binds to glucocorticoid receptor on cytoplasm of cells
  • reduced production of inflammatory mediators
  • which decreases mucous production
33
Q

Overall respiratory effect of corticosteroids

A
  • improvement in pulmonary rxn, less wheezing, tightness and coughing
34
Q

Uses of corticosteroids

A
  • first line in asthma, in addition to COPD (severe)
35
Q

Side effects of inhaled corticosteroids

A
  • xerostomia, hoarseness, fungal infections on mouth and throat (ie. candidiasis)
36
Q

What can be done to manage oral effects

A

Rinse mouth and through, use a spacer device with MDIs

37
Q

What are prolonged effects of corticosteroid use

A

Adrenal suppression, impaired healing and immunosuppresion

38
Q

What are leukotriene’s -

A

inflammatory cells byproduct - increase mucous secretion, bronchoconstriction, and bronchial hyperactivity

39
Q

What are the overall result of leukotreine receptor agonists (LTRA)

A

Antiinflammaroty and bronchodilator activity

40
Q

Uses of LTRA

A

2nd line for asthma not for COPD

41
Q

What are the adverse reactions for LTRAs

A

Irritation of stomach mucosa, headache and alteration of liver function

42
Q

What are the uses of methylxanthine

A

Add on therapy in asthma and COPD that is not controlled with other therapies

43
Q

MoA of methylxanthine

A
  • inhibits phosphodiesterase > increase in cAMP and relax sm. muscles
  • inhibit contractile PGs, increase cathecolamines
44
Q

What are the side effects of methylxanthine

A

CNS and cardia stimulation, Increased gastric secretion and diuresis

45
Q

Methylxanthine has a narrow therapeutic index and interacts with these drugs

A

Benzodiazepines, and macrolide antibiotics

46
Q

When is anti-IgE antibodies indicated

A

As an ADD On therapyin ALLERGIC asthmatics with elevated serum IgE who have inadequate response to other therapies

47
Q

What is the MoA of anti -IgE abs

A

Recombinant DNA derived monoclonal abs

Prevent IgE from binding to mast cells and basophils, decreaseing release of allergic inflammatory mediator

48
Q

When is the subcutaneous anti IgE injection given

A

Once or twice a month

49
Q

What is. The side effect to anti-igE antibodies

A

Injection site rxn

50
Q

Zafirkulast interacts with this common dent drug

A

Erythromycin lowers Z levels by 40% = may result in asthma exacerbation

51
Q

Theophylline is respiratory drug interacts with this common Dent drug

A

Macrolide antibiotics - (erythromycin and clarithromycin) increase T levels > toxic effects.
T may diminish benzodiazepines

52
Q

10-28% of asthmatics have a hypersensitivity to

A

aspirin and NSAID

53
Q

LA with this should be avoided for those with RDs

A

Sulfite - hypersensitive

54
Q

This analgesic can cause resp depression

A

Opiods

55
Q

Consideration of N2O2 use

A

Use with caution dye to the precipitation of apnea (due to high O2 concentration)

Pharm Final (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions