Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm Final > Other Hormones > Flashcards

Other Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What are the glands in the endocrine system

A

Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenals, gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do endocrine glands secrete

A

Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are hormone secretions regulated

A

Through negative feedback systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What drugs affect the endrocrine system

A

Hormones, sysnthetic hormone (agonist and antagonist), substances that influence synthesis and secretion of hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the master gland

A

Pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located

A

At the base of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Secreted hormones from the pituitary gland regulate

A

Thyroid, adrenal, and sex glands, uterus,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of effect does the pituitary gland have

A

Trophic effect - growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A deficiency in pituitary hormones include

A

Loss of secondary sex charac, dwarfism, diabetes insipidus, hypothyroidism, addisons disease, retarded dental development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypersecretion of the pituitary causes

A

Sexual precocity, goitre, cushing disease, acromegaly, giantism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The pituitary is divided into two glands

A

Anterior and posterior glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The anterior pituitary gland secrete stimulating hormones such as

A

GH, LH, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

These are different pharmaceutical preparations of ant. P. Gland hormones

A

GH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, leuprolide, bromocriptine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is GnRH used for

A

This synthetic analog is used to treat prostate cancer and endometriosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Leuprolide stimulates pituitary function which is used to treat

A

Infertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is bromocriptine and what is its function

A

Is a drug, to inhibit pituitary function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does bromocriptine suppress? Treat for?

A

Prolactin levels. Tx prolactin secreting adenomas, acromegaly and Parkinson’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 2 hormones that the posterior p gland secretes

A

Vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Vasopressin (ADH is used for? Oxytocin?

A

Transient diabetes insipidus and certain clotting disorders.

Induce labor, control postpartum hemorrhage and induce postpartum lactation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What hormones are secreted by the thyroid?

A

Triiodothyronine (T3) and Tetra (T4) - there are iodine containing hormones. Also secretes calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Thyroid hormones are important for

A

Energy metabolism, growth and developmental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Thyroid hormones are synthesized from

A

from iodine and tyrosine. Therefore an adequate intake of iodine is necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the different types of thyroid dysfunction

A

Hypo and hyperthyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism (myxedemia)

A

Puffiness of skin, excessive fatigue, headaches, weight gain, dry skin, sensitivity to cold, brittle nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the tx for hypothyroidism

A

Exogenous thyroid hormone:levothyroxine

26
Q

What are the two forms of hyperthyroidism

A
  • diffuse toxic goitre (graves disease) - younger

- toxic modular goitre (plummer disease) adult

27
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism

A

Goitre, trouble sleeping, heat sensitivity, increased sweating, hand tremors, rapid heartbeat, fine brittle hair, weight loss, fatigue or muscle weakness

28
Q

Dental manifestations of hyperthyroidism

A

Accelerated tooth eruption, diffuse mineralization of the jawbone, rapid perio

29
Q

Treatments of hypothyroidism

A

Radioactive iodine, thyroidectomy, anti thyroid drugs - for those who cannot tolerate iodine and thyroidectomy

30
Q

Mgmt of dental patients with thyroid disfunction

A

Increased sensitivity to pain, higher tolerance to CNS depressants

31
Q

What are the pancreatic hormone

A

Insulin and glucagon

32
Q

Difference between insulin and glucagon

A

I: promotes fuel storage into the body, glucose out of blood into the cells
G: promotes fuel mobilization in the body, glucose into blood

33
Q

Drugs that should be used with caution in diabetic patients

A

Epi, glucocorticosteroids, opioid analgesics

34
Q

Symptoms of hypoglycemia

A

Sweating, weakness, nausea, mental confusion, incoherent speech

35
Q

Tx of hypoglycemia

A

Conscious: give sugar
Unconscious: IV dextrose (50%)

36
Q

Tx of hyperglycaemia

A

ER, no insulin, dental office is not equipped

37
Q

Oral antidiabetic agents

A

Sulfonylureas, biguanides, non-sulfonylurea, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidenediones

38
Q

An indication for sulfonylureas are?

A

Type 2 diabetes when diet and exercise become insufficient

39
Q

What are adverse effects of sulfonylureas

A

GIT disturbances, liver damage

40
Q

How do biguanides work and who are they used for

A

Used in lowering blood glucose but does not produce hypoglycemia alone, can be used in combo with insulin and sulfonylureas, they are used for type 2 diabetics

41
Q

Non sulfonylureas is comparable to

A

Sulfonylurea in regards to blood glucose control, but less hypoglycemia

42
Q

When are non-sulfonylureas should be talken

A

Taken with meals

43
Q

How do alpha glucosidase inhibitors work

A

By slowing down the breakdown of ingested carbohydrates.

44
Q

Adverse reactions of alpha glucosidase inhibitors

A

Flatulence

45
Q

How do thiazolidenediones work

A

Increase insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue, skeletal tissue and liver

46
Q

Side effects of thiazolidenediones

A

Weight gain and fluid retention

47
Q

Where is glucagon produces

A

This polypeptide hormone is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas

48
Q

What are the two main female sex hormones

A

Estrogens and progestin

49
Q

female hormones are secreted by

A

The ovaries

50
Q

Female hormones are responsible for

A

Female sex characteristics, developing the reproductive system and preparing the reproductive system for conception

51
Q

Estrogen is largely responsible for

A

Changes that occurs in puberty in girls

52
Q

What is the most potent endogenous estrogen

A

17 beta estradiol

53
Q

Synthetic estrogens are used for

A

Menstrual disturbances, osteoporosis, symptoms of menopause

54
Q

Progestin is for

A

The preparation of conception in the reproductive system

55
Q

Progestin is also used for symptom management of

A

Menopause

56
Q

Hormonal contraceptives consist of

A

A combination of estrogen and progestin

57
Q

Seasonale is

A

An extended cycle contraceptive

58
Q

Drug interactions with hormonal contraceptives

A

Antibiotics

59
Q

Dental considerations for those on hormonal contraceptives

A

Potential dry socket, candidiasis infections, monitor for gingivitis, gingival inflammation and perio, increased risk for thromboembolytic disease

60
Q

What is the main male sex hormone

A

Androgen > tertosterone

61
Q

Exogenous androgens are used for

A

Muscle gain

62
Q

Side effects of exogenous androgens

A

Mood changes including aggression, and psychosis

Pharm Final (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions