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Foundations > Vitamins and Cofactors > Flashcards

Vitamins and Cofactors Flashcards

1
Q

a biochemically active compound formed by the combination of an enzyme with a cofactor.

A

holoenzyme

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2
Q

Enzymes that require a cofactor but do not have one bound.

A

apoenzyme

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3
Q

Oxidizes ethanol to acetylaldehyde.

Gains TWO electrons

A

NAD+

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

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4
Q

Vitamin precursor of NAD+ and NADP+.

A

Niacin (vitamin B3)

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5
Q

dietary source of niacin

A

Meat, whole grains, fortified cereal

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6
Q

Pellagra: characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia
are associated with __________ deficiency.

A

niacin

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7
Q

cofactor that Oxidizes ethanol to acetylaldehyde.

Gains TWO electrons

A

NAD+

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8
Q

redox cofactor used in fuel oxidation.

A

NAD+

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9
Q

redox cofactor used in detoxification and biosynthesis.

A

NADP+

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10
Q

enzymes dependent on NAD+ and NADP+

A

ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase), cytochromeP450, and HMG CoA

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11
Q

redox cofactor that:

  • accept a single electron at two separate locations
  • prosthetic
A

FAD

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

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12
Q

vitamin precursor of FAD

A

Riboflavin (vitamin B2)

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13
Q

dietary sources of riboflavin

A

Milk, eggs, organ meats, legumes, mushrooms

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14
Q

pathologies of riboflavin deficiency

A

Cheilosis, glossitis, keratitis, seborreic dermatitis, normocytic anemia

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15
Q

redox cofactor creating and breaking double bonds and disulfide bonds
enzyme: succinate dehyrogenase

A

FAD

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16
Q

redox cofactor for Hydroxylase enzymes important in collagen synthesis, neurotransmitter synthesis and oxygen sensing

  • also a non-enzymatic anti-oxidant
  • found in citrus fruits and vegetables
A

ascorbic acid (vit C)

17
Q

characterized by defects in connective tissue

Sx: slow wound healing, apathy/irritability, anemia, gingival lesions, enlargement of costochondral junctions, petechiae

A

scurvy

18
Q 
vitamin precursor of TPP
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)
A

thiamine

19
Q

thiamine deficiency is caused by:

A

malnutrition, alcoholism, monotonous diet

20
Q

Beriberi (I cant, I cant): characterized by headache, malaise, peripheral neuropathy (dry), and heart failure (wet)
Wernicke encephalopathy: confusion and altered mental status, abnormal eye movements, ataxia
Karsokoff psychosis: amnesia, confabulation
All are pathologies of:

A

thiamine deficiency

21
Q

activation transfer cofactor that forms a covalent bond with lysine residue side chains on transacylase subunits of a-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes

A

lipoate

22
Q

activation transfer cofactor that metabolizes amino acids with tranaminases. precursor: vit B6

A

PLP

Pyridoxal phosphate

Foundations (17 decks)

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