Cell Cycle Week 5 Holy Flashcards
Prophase-
first step of M phase or mitosis
- Replicated chromosomes condense
- mitotic spindle assemble between the two centromeres
first step of M phase or mitosis
- Replicated chromosomes condense
- mitotic spindle assemble between the two centromeres
Prophase
Prometaphase-
second step of mitosis
- nuclear envelope dissociates - chromosomes attach to spindle microtubules via kinetochores
second step of mitosis
- nuclear envelope dissociates - chromosomes attach to spindle microtubules via kinetochores
Prometaphase
Metaphase-
third step of mitosis
-chromosomes aligned at the equator of the cell
third step of mitosis
-chromosomes aligned at the equator of the cell
Metaphase
Anaphase-
fourth step of mitosis
- sister chromatids separate - kinetochore microtubules get shorter
fourth step of mitosis
- sister chromatids separate - kinetochore microtubules get shorter
Anaphase
Telophase-
fifth step of mitosis
- daughter chromosomes arrive at poles and decondense - new nuclear envelope begins to form - contractile ring forms around center of cell in preparation for cytokinesis
fifth step of mitosis
- daughter chromosomes arrive at poles and decondense - new nuclear envelope begins to form - contractile ring forms around center of cell in preparation for cytokinesis
Telophase
Cytokenesis-
contractile ring made of actin and myosin filaments pinches the cell in two creating two daughter cells
contractile ring made of actin and myosin filaments pinches the cell in two creating two daughter cells
Cytokenesis
Rho proteins-
small G proteins that stimulate actin polymerization; important in formation of contractile ring during telophase and cytokinesis
small G proteins that stimulate actin polymerization; important in formation of contractile ring during telophase and cytokinesis
Rho proteins
Cohesins-
multi protein complexes that help keep replicated chromosome pairs (daughter chromatids) together until it is time to separate them during, help prevent premature separation and aneuploidy
multi protein complexes that help keep replicated chromosome pairs (daughter chromatids) together until it is time to separate them during, help prevent premature separation and aneuploidy
Cohesins
Condensins-
multi protein complexes related to cohesins but are involved in the tight packaging of chromatin in mitosis
multi protein complexes related to cohesins but are involved in the tight packaging of chromatin in mitosis
Condensins
Kinetochore-
complex of protein that assembles on centromeric DNA, made up of centromeric heterochromatin, histone H3 variant called CENP-A. Identifies the location for kinetochore formation.
complex of protein that assembles on centromeric DNA, made up of centromeric heterochromatin, histone H3 variant called CENP-A. Identifies the location for kinetochore formation.
Kinetochore
CENP-A-
histone H3 variant located on the centromeric heterochromatin; identifies location for assembly of kinetochores
histone H3 variant located on the centromeric heterochromatin; identifies location for assembly of kinetochores
CENP-A
Kinetochores-
interact with microtubule of the spindle apparatus for separation of daughter chromatids; have signaling function as metaphase checkpoints
interact with microtubule of the spindle apparatus for separation of daughter chromatids; have signaling function as metaphase checkpoints
Kinetochores
Kinetochore microtubules-
pull daughter chromosomes apart at kinetochores
pull daughter chromosomes apart at kinetochores
Kinetochore microtubules
Interpolar microtubules-
push chromosomes away from poles to align during formation of metaphase plate; also push against eachother to elongate the spindle in late anaphasae
push chromosomes away from poles to align during formation of metaphase plate; also push against eachother to elongate the spindle in late anaphasae
Interpolar microtubules
Astral microtubules-
push chromosomes away from poles during formation of metaphase plate
push chromosomes away from poles during formation of metaphase plate
Astral microtublues
Contractile ring-
formed by contractile fibers of actin and myosin which are controlled by Rho; pinches of two cells during cytokinesis
formed by contractile fibers of actin and myosin which are controlled by Rho; pinches of two cells during cytokinesis
Contractile ring
CDK-
cyclin dependent kinase, the catalytic subunit of the cell cycle