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Food Tech > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

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1
Q

Are vitamins macronutrients or micronutrients?

A

Micronutrients

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2
Q

What are micronutrients?

A

Nutrients needed by the body in small amounts

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3
Q

What are vitamins?

A

Natural substances found in foods. They do different jobs in the diet

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4
Q

Does each vitamin have a chemical name?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Is each vitamin given a letter?

A

Yes

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6
Q

What is the chemical name for vitamin C?

A

Ascorbic acid

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of vitamins?

A
  • fat-soluble vitamins

* water-soluble vitamins

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8
Q

What are the 4 fat-soluble vitamins?

A
  • vitamin A
  • vitamin D
  • vitamin E
  • vitamin K
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9
Q

Where are fat-soluble vitamins found?

A

Found in the fat in foods, for example, the fat found in dairy products

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10
Q

Where can fat-soluble vitamins be stored?

A

In the liver and used by the body when needed

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11
Q

What is chemical name for Vitamin A?

A

Retinol, beta carotene

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12
Q

What is the function of vitamin A in the body? (4 things)

A
  • growth and development
  • keeps lining of throat, digestive system and lungs moist and free from infection
  • keeps eyes healthy, enables vision in dim light
  • Beta Carotene- an antioxidant Vitamin which might protect against cancer
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13
Q

What is beta carotene

A

An antioxidant which might protect against cancer

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14
Q

What can Vitamin A deficiency cause? (3 things)

A
  • children not to grow properly
  • difficult for body to fight infection
  • long-term deficiency may lead to night blindness
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15
Q

What can too much vitamin A cause?

A

Excess may lead to liver and bone damage

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16
Q

What are good sources of retinol?

A

Liver, oily fish, eggs, milk, cheese, butter and margarine

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17
Q

What are good sources of beta carotene?

A

It is in red, green and orange fruit and veg… especially carrots

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18
Q

What is the chemical name for vitamin D?

A

Cholecalciferol

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19
Q

What is the function of Vitamin D in the body?

A

Works with calcium to build and maintain strong bones and teeth.

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20
Q

What can problems can Vitamin D deficiency cause?

A
  • in children it can cause rickets- softening of the bones
  • in adults it is called osteomalacia - softening of the bones
  • also can cause osteoporosis
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21
Q

What is rickets called in adults?

A

Osteomalacia

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22
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

A disease in which the bones start to lose minerals and their strength and break easily

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23
Q

What are good sources of vitamin D?

A
  • sunlight
  • dairy products
  • oily fish
  • liver
  • cereals
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24
Q

What is the chemical name of vitamin E?

A

Tocopherol

25
Q

What is the function of vitamin E in the body?

A
  • it is for heathy cell walls and blood
26
Q

What is vitamin E thought to reduce the risk of?

A
  • some types of heart disease

* cancer

27
Q

What happens if there is a deficiency in vitamin E?

A

A deficiency in vitamin E is rare

28
Q

What are some good sources of vitamin E?

A
  • vegetables
  • oils
  • lettuce
  • wheat
  • grasses
  • seeds
  • peanuts
  • wheat germ oil
29
Q

What is the function of vitamin K in the body?

A

Helps blood to clot

30
Q

What happens if there is a deficiency in vitamin K?

A

Deficiency in Vitamin K is rare

31
Q

What are good sources of vitamin K?

A
  • cheese
  • liver
  • leafy vegetables
  • asparagus
  • coffee
  • wheat germ oil
32
Q

Water-soluble vitamins _____ in water

A

Dissolve

33
Q

What are the 2 water soluble vitamins?

A
  • Vitamin B group

* Vitamin C

34
Q

Vitamin B is a group of vitamins that have ______ functions

A

Similar

35
Q

What is the chemical name for Vitamin B1?

A

Thiamine

36
Q

What is the function of vitamin B1 in the body? (3 things)

A
  • helps the release of energy from carbohydrates
  • helps the body to grow
  • functioning and normal nervous system
37
Q

What problems can occur if there is a vitamin B1 deficiency?

A
  • slowed growth and development

* severe deficiency causes beri beri

38
Q

What are good sources of vitamin B1?

A
  • fortified breakfast cereals
  • whole grains
  • wheat germ
  • meat
  • eggs
  • milk
  • dairy foods
  • nuts
  • seeds
  • beans
39
Q

What is the chemical name of vitamin B2?

A

Riboflavin

40
Q

What is the function of vitamin B2 in the body? (5 things)

A
  • helps release of energy from carbohydrates, fats and protein
  • involved in transport and metabolism of iron
  • required for the normal structure and function of mucous membranes
  • normal growth
  • healthy skin
41
Q

What problems could vitamin B2 deficiency cause? (2 things)

A
  • poor growth rate

* skin and eye problems

42
Q

What are good sources of vitamin B2?

A
  • liver
  • kidneys
  • meat
  • milk
  • eggs
  • green vegetables
  • fortified breakfast cereals
  • mushrooms
43
Q

What is the chemical name for vitamin B3?

A

Niacin

44
Q

What is the function of vitamin B3 in the body? (2 things)

A
  • metabolism growth and energy release

* essential for healthy skin, mucous membranes and nerves

45
Q

What problems could vitamin B3 deficiency cause?

A 
* deficiency is very rare in the UK
BUT 
* pellagra 
* rough sore skin
* weakness 
* depression
46
Q

What are good sources of vitamin B3?

A
  • meat
  • eggs
  • wheat and maize flour
  • dairy products
  • yeast
47
Q

What is the chemical name for vitamin B9?

A

Folate or folic acid

48
Q

What is the function of vitamin B9 in the body? (2 things)

A
  • essential for the formation of red blood cells

* foetal development

49
Q

What problems could vitamin B9 deficiency cause?

A
  • tiredness
  • anaemia
  • depression
  • forgetfulness
  • irritability
50
Q

What are good sources of vitamin B9?

A
  • liver
  • wholegrain cereals
  • pulses
  • dark green vegetables
  • peas
  • oranges
  • bananas
  • fortified breakfast cereals
51
Q

What is the chemical name for vitamin B12?

A

Cobalamin

52
Q

What is the function of vitamin B12 in the body? (3 things)

A
  • normal functioning of the nervous system
  • the formation of red blood cells
  • involved in energy production
53
Q

What problems could vitamin B12 deficiency cause?

A
  • Nerves not working correctly may lead to:
  • paralysis
  • memory loss
  • confusion
  • pernicious anaemia
54
Q

What are good sources of vitamin B12?

A

Only found in a animal products e.g. meat, dairy products, liver

55
Q

What is the chemical name for vitamin C?

A

Ascorbic acid

56
Q

What is the function of vitamin C in the body? (5 things)

A
  • formation of connective tissue
  • helps wound healing
  • helps calcium absorption
  • blood and blood vessel formation
  • helps absorb iron
57
Q

What problems could vitamin C deficient cause?

A
  • spotty skin
  • swollen gums
  • loose teeth
  • In severe cases scurvy develops
58
Q

What are good sources of vitamin C?

A
  • citrus and soft fruits
  • oranges
  • blackcurrants
  • strawberries
  • green vegetables
  • new potatoes
  • peppers
59
Q

Definition of fortification?

A

Adding nutrients to a food product to improve its nutritional content/value

Food Tech (7 decks)

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