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Food Tech > Protein > Flashcards

Protein Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of macronutrients

A

Nutrients needed by the body in large amounts

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2
Q

Is protein a macronutrient?

A

Yes

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3
Q

What is protein made up of?

A

Complex chains of molecules called amino acids

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4
Q

Definition of amino acids

A

The smallest units of a protein

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5
Q

How many different types of amino acids are there in the body?

A

20

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6
Q

Definition of essential amino acids

A

Amino acids that cannot be made by the body so they have to be provided by the food we eat.

They are essential

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7
Q

How many essential amino acids (EAAs) do children need?

A

10

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8
Q

How many EAAs do adults need?

A

8

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9
Q

How are all the other amino acids (not EAAs) made?

A

They are made by the body from the protein eaten in other foods

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10
Q

What does a high biological value (HBV) food mean?

A

It contains all the essential amino acids

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11
Q

Examples of HBV food …

A
  • Most of these come from animal sources (meat, fish, dairy product e.t.c)
  • Soya (vegetable source)
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12
Q

For vegetarians what products are made from soya?

A
  • soya mine
  • textured vegetable protein (TVP)
  • tofu
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13
Q

Is Quorn (the brand) a HBV protein and what is it made from?

A

It is HBV and it is made from mycoprotein

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14
Q

What are low biological value foods (LBV)?

A

Foods that do not contain all of the essential amino acids

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15
Q

Examples of LBV source of protein…

A
  • cereals
  • peas
  • beans
  • pulses
  • nuts
  • seeds
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16
Q

Definition of complementary proteins

A

Mixing/combining different low biological value (LBV) proteins to supply all the essential amino acids (EAAs)

17
Q

Give some examples of diets that rely on combining LBV proteins

A
  • vegetarians
  • vegans
  • people with a limited diet
18
Q

Give examples of complementary proteins

A
  • beans on toast
  • dhal and rice
  • hummus and pita bread
  • these combinations provide all of the EAAs
19
Q

What is the reference nutrient intake (RNI) of protein (in grams) per kilogram of bodyweight?

A

0.75g per day

20
Q

How much protein protein would an adult need per day if he weighs 62kg?

A

62 x 0.75g per day = 45.5g of protein per day

21
Q

How many grams extra of protein do pregnant women need?

A

6g

22
Q

How many grams extra of protein do breastfeeding women need for the first 6 months and how many grams of extra protein do they need for the following 6 months?

A
  • 11g per day in the first 6 months

* 8g per day for the following 6 months

23
Q

What are the functions of protein? (5 things)

A
  • used for growth, especially in pregnant women and children
  • used to repair body tissue (after illness, accidents and surgery) - renewal of cell proteins for people of all ages
  • enzymes viral for metabolism are composed of proteins
  • hormones which regulate important bodily functions are composed of proteins
  • proteins provide secondary source of energy. When the body has used all the amino acids it needs for construction, the remainder are ‘burnt’ for energy
24
Q

Is protein deficiency rare in developed world?

A

Yes

25
Q

What are the problems that come with protein deficiency? (4 things)

A
  • in children, growth slows down or stops
  • digestive upsets are caused as enzymes are not produced
  • liver fails to function normally
  • muscles become weak, so limbs are thin and tummy is soft and may look distended
26
Q

Give examples of animal sources of protein

A
  • all meats, such as poultry, offal and game
  • fish
  • cheese
  • milk
  • eggs
  • gelatine
27
Q

Give examples of vegetable sources of protein

A
  • soya beans and soya products
  • pulses and beans
  • cereal grains and cereal products
  • nuts
  • Quorn

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