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Food Tech > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

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1
Q

Are minerals micronutrients or macronutrients?

A

Micronutrients

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2
Q

What minerals are needed in larger amounts than others?

A

Calcium, iron, phosphorus and sodium

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3
Q

What are trace elements?

A

Minerals required in smaller amounts

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4
Q

Name 2 trace elements

A

Fluoride and iodine

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5
Q

What are the 4 major functions of minerals?

A
  • body building (bones and teeth)
  • control of body processes, especially the nervous system
  • they are an essential part of body fluids and cells
  • calcium and iron are the most important minerals needed by the body
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6
Q

What are the 2 most important minerals needed by the body?

A

Calcium and iron

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7
Q

What is the function of iron?

A

Production of haemoglobin in red blood cells to carry oxygen in the blood

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8
Q

Iron is present in the ____ but stored in the ______

A
  • blood

* liver

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10
Q

What problem can iron deficiency cause?

A

Anaemia

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11
Q

What are good source of iron?

A
  • Red meat
  • kidneys
  • liver
  • eggs
  • bread
  • green vegetables
  • dried apricots
  • lentils
  • cocoa
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12
Q

What is the function of calcium in the body? (4 things)

A
  • combines with phosphorus to harden bones and teeth
  • blood clotting
  • nerve and muscle function
  • heart regulation
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13
Q

What does calcium combine with and what does this do?

A

Combines with phosphorus to harden bones and teeth

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14
Q

What problems can calcium deficiency lead to?

A
  • stunted growth
  • can cause rickets
  • osteomalacia
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15
Q

What are good sources of calcium?

A
  • dairy products
  • fortified white bread
  • tinned (oily) fish
  • green vegetables
  • seeds
  • nuts
  • lentils
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16
Q

What is the function of phosphorus in the body? (3 things)

A
  • Combines with calcium to harden bones and teeth
  • Muscle function
  • Energy production
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17
Q

What problems can phosphorus deficiency cause?

A
  • people are rarely deficient in this mineral
    BUT
  • tiredness
  • depressing
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18
Q

What are good sources of phosphorus?

A
  • dairy products
  • nuts
  • meat
  • fish
  • foods rich in calcium
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19
Q

What is the function of sodium in the body? (2 things)

A
  • maintains water balance in the body

* nerve transmission

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20
Q

What problems can sodium deficiency cause?

A

Deficiency is highly unlikely

21
Q

What is the function of flouride in the body?

A

Strengthens teeth against decay

22
Q

What problems can fluoride deficiency cause?

A

Tooth decay

23
Q

What are good sources of flouride?

A
  • fish
  • tea
  • drinking water
  • toothpaste
24
Q

What is the function of iodine in the body?

A

Needed to make thyroid hormones- to control the metabolic rate of the body

25
Q

What problems can iodine deficiency cause?

A
  • leads to reduction in amount of thyroxine hormone produced, leading to tiredness and weight gain
  • the thyroid gland (goitre) in the neck swells
26
Q

What are good sources of iodine?

A
  • fish
  • milk
  • dairy foods
27
Q

How much calcium does an adult body contain?

A

An adult body contains 1kg of calcium

28
Q

Calcium helps to form _____ and _____

A
  • teeth

* bones

29
Q

What is calcium needed for after injury or surgery?

A

Blood clotting

30
Q

Calcium helps the _____ and _____ work properly

A
  • muscles

* nerves

31
Q

Vitamin ____ and _____ work together with calcium to help maintain strong teeth and bones

A
  • D

* phosphorus

32
Q

Who needs an increased amount of fibre in their diet?

A

Pregnant women, those who are breastfeeding and young children

33
Q

At what age do bones stop growing?

A

18

34
Q

What age do we reach peak bone mass?

A

30 years when our bones are fully calcified

35
Q

What foods are calcium added to by law?

A
  • Bread and flour

- many foods we buy are fortified with calcium

36
Q

Can our body make calcium?

A

No, it must be provided by the food we eat

37
Q

Our body will take calcium from the _____ and unless it is replaced it will cause ______

A
  • bones

* osteoporosis

38
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

It is a condition of weakening and things of the bones

39
Q

Which groups of people is osteoporosis more common in?

A

Older adults, especially women

40
Q

What will happen if we don’t have enough calcium in our diet?

A
  • blood will not clot properly after injury
  • muscles will not work properly
  • children’s growth will be slowed, as bones will not develop normally
41
Q

If children do not have sufficient calcium they may suffer from ____ which is the softening of the bones. The adult version of this is called _____

A
  • rickets

* osteomalacia

42
Q

Why do we need iron?

A

We need iron as it forms haemoglobin, which gives blood it’s red colour and carries oxygen around the body to the cells

43
Q

What vitamin is needed in the diet to absorb iron?

A

Vitamin C

44
Q

What is anaemia caused by?

A

Lack of iron in the diet

- it is one of the most common nutritional problems worldwide

45
Q

Who is most at risk of anaemia?

A

Women and children

46
Q

What are symptoms of anaemia?

A
  • tiredness

* lack of energy

47
Q

What are good sources of sodium?

A
  • cheese
  • bacon
  • smoked meats
  • fish
  • processed foods
  • table salt

Food Tech (7 decks)

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