Fats

Question 1

Are fats a macronutrient?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

Definition of lipids

Answer 2

A term to describe (another name for) both fats and oils

Question 3

All fats and oils have a ______ chemical structure and functions

Answer 3

Similar

Question 4

Are all fats high in calories?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

How many calories in 1g of fat?

Answer 5

9 calories

• 9 kcal/37 KJ

Question 6

Are fats small or large molecules?

Answer 6

Large

Question 7

What elements are fats made up of? (3 elements)

Answer 7

• carbon
• hydrogen
• oxygen

Question 8

What are fat molecules made up of? (2 things)

Answer 8

• fatty acids

* glycerol

Question 9

Fatty acids can be _______ or _______

Answer 9

Saturated or unsaturated

Question 10

In saturated fats, what is each carbon atom in the fatty acid combined with?

Answer 10

Each carbon atom in the fatty acid is combined with 2 hydrogen atoms

Question 11

What state are saturated fats in at room temperature?

Answer 11

Solid

Question 12

Where are saturated fats mainly found?

Answer 12

Animal foods

Question 13

Structure of saturated fats….

Answer 13

H H  H  H  H H
       |   |    |    |   |   |
.... C-C-C-C-C-C-H
       |   |    |   |    |   |
      H  H  H H  H  H

Question 14

What health problems has too much saturated fat been linked to?

Answer 14

High blood cholesterol —> leading to increased risk of coronary heart disease, diabetes and obesity

Question 15

Cholesterol is a type of ____ fat, has the consistency of soft ___ and is produced in the ____ and transported around the body in the ____.

Answer 15

• saturated
• wax
• liver
• blood

Question 16

What happens when there is too much cholesterol in the blood?

Answer 16

It is deposited on the walls of the arteries, narrowing them and making them less efficient.

Narrowed arteries are one of the major causes of coronary heart disease

Question 17

Narrowed arteries are one of the main causes of what disease?

Answer 17

Coronary heart disease

Question 18

Saturated fat definition

Answer 18

Each single bonded carbon atom is combined with 2 hydrogen atoms

Question 19

Unsaturated fat definition

Answer 19

Has at least one double carbon atom not surrounded by hydrogen

Question 20

What are the 2 types of unsaturated fats?

Answer 20

• monounsaturated

* polyunsaturated

Question 21

What state are unsaturated fats usually at room temperature?

Answer 21

Soft or liquid at room temperature

Question 22

Do unsaturated fats have a lower melting point?

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

How many pairs of double carbon atoms do monounsaturated fats have and how many hydrogen atoms are attached to it?

Answer 23

1 double pair of carbon atoms with only one hydrogen atom attached

• so they are capable of taking one more hydrogen atom

Question 24

Monounsaturated fats are ____ at room temperature but will go ____ when placed in the coldest part of the fridge

Answer 24

• soft

* hard

Question 25

Are monounsaturated fats found in animal and vegetable sources?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

Why are monounsaturated fatty acids considered healthier?

Answer 26

They can help to lower blood cholesterol, reduce the risk of diabetes and are linked with a lower rate of cancer

Question 27

Structure of monounsaturated fatty acids ...

Answer 27

``` H H | | -C-C=C-C- | | | | H H H H ```

Question 28

How many pairs of carbon atoms do polyunsaturated fats have and are they capable of taking up more hydrogen atoms?

Answer 28

* 2 or more double pairs of carbon atoms | * capable of taking up more hydrogen atoms

Question 29

What are polyunsaturated fats like at room temperature and will they go solid in a fridge?

Answer 29

* they are very soft and oily at room temperature | * they will not go solid, even in a fridge

Question 30

Monounsaturated fats definition

Answer 30

A fat molecule with one hydrogen space

Question 31

Polyunsaturated fats

Answer 31

A fat molecule with more than one hydrogen space

Question 32

Structure of polyunsaturated fatty acids....

Answer 32

``` H H H | | | -C-C=C-C-C=C-C- | | | | | | | H H H H H H H ```

Question 33

What are trans-fatty acids? What is the process called when they are produced?

Answer 33

* Man-made molecules produced when hydrogen is added to vegetable oils * This process is called hydrogenation

Question 34

Hydrogenation definition

Answer 34

The process of adding hydrogen to oils to make them into solid fats

Question 35

What is hydrogenation used for?

Answer 35

To make solid fats from oil and is used in a variety of manufactured foods

Question 36

What do trans-fatty acids behave like? What do they do to your cholesterol?

Answer 36

* They behave like saturated fats | * They raise your level of cholesterol

Question 37

Are trans-fatty acids bad for your cardiovascular system and what type of cancer does it increase the risk of?

Answer 37

* they are bad for your cardiovascular system | * may increase the risk of breast cancer

Question 38

Definition of Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs)

Answer 38

Small unit of fat that must must be supplied in the diet

Question 39

Can essential fatty acids (EFAs) be made by the body?

Answer 39

No

Question 40

Why are EFAs important?

Answer 40

Important to the healthy and efficient functioning of the body

Question 41

What do we need EFAs for?

Answer 41

* regulating body processes, including: - blood clotting - control of inflammation

Question 42

Name 2 important EFAs

Answer 42

* Omega 3 | * Omega 6

Question 43

What is the benefit of omega 3?

Answer 43

It helps protect the heart

Question 44

What foods is omega 3 found in?

Answer 44

* Oily fish * Seeds * Walnut oil * Green leafy vegetables

Question 45

What is the benefit of omega 6?

Answer 45

It helps lower cholesterol in the blood

Question 46

Where is omega 6 found?

Answer 46

* vegetables * fruits * grains * chicken * seeds

Question 47

What are the functions of fat in the diet? (6 things)

Answer 47

* fats used by body for energy * they form a part if the structure of cells * fats are stored under skin and help insulate body against cold * protects vital organs, such as kidneys * fat is a source of the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K * promotes feeling of satiety (feeling full)

Question 48

Is it common for people to have a lack of fat in their diet in the UK?

Answer 48

No, it is rare - actually, we often consume too much fat

Question 49

We should reduce our fat intake so that it contribute to no more than ____% of our energy intake

Answer 49

35%

Question 50

What health problems could be created by consuming too much fat? (6 things)

Answer 50

* obesity * coronary heart disease * high blood pressure * diabetes * strokes * other heath problems

Question 51

How can we reduce fat content in our diet? (4 things)

Answer 51

* buy lean cuts of meat * check fat content of products and choose lower-in-fat varieties * trimming fat from meat * choosing methods of cooking which do not include adding fat

Question 52

Name some plant sources of fats

Answer 52

* some fruits e.g. avocado and olives * nuts and pulses e.g. peanuts and walnuts * seeds e.g. sesame, sunflower and soya

Question 53

Name some animal sources of fat

Answer 53

* meat and meat products e.g lard and suet * dairy products e.g. milk, butter, cheese and cream * fish, particularly oily fish e.g. tuna, salmon and sardines

Question 54

Visible fats definition

Answer 54

Fats that can be seen

Question 55

Invisible fats definition

Answer 55

Foods containing fat which cannot be seen

Question 56

Give some examples of visible fats

Answer 56

* fat on meat | * butter

Question 57

Give some examples of invisible fats

Answer 57

* ready meals * chocolate * biscuits * burgers

Question 58

Fat is a _____ source of energy

Answer 58

Concentrated

Question 59

What is excess fat stored as?

Answer 59

Body fat

Question 60

What is cholesterol?

Answer 60

A vital component of cell membranes