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Gastrointestinal > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

celiac sprue

A

gluten entropathy

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2
Q

celiac sprue diagnostics

A

IgA tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibody

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3
Q

lactose intolerance aka

A

lactase deficiency

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4
Q

bloating, abdominal cramping/pain, flatulence

A

lactose intolerance

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5
Q

diagnostic test for lactose intolerance

A

hydrogen breath test

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6
Q

lactose restriction may lead to…

A

osteoporosis

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7
Q

tropical sprue

A

enviornmental enteropathy

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8
Q

biopsy results for tropical and celiac sprue

A

jejunal biopsy shows flattening of intestinal villi

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9
Q

non-IgE mediated reaction example

A

celiac’s

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10
Q

MCC of oral allergy syndrome

A

tree pollen

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11
Q

diagnostic for cystic fibrosis

A

meconium ileus of newborn

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12
Q

vitamin A clinical manifestations

A

night blindness
squamous metaplasia (conjunctiva, respiratory epithelieum, urinary tract mucosa)
bitot spots (white patches on conjunctiva)
keratomalacia (corneal ulceration and necorsis)

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13
Q

vitamin B1 AKA

A

thiamine

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14
Q

b) Significant peripheral vasodilation
c) High output HF with cardiomegaly
d) Dyspnea, tachypnea
e) Pulmonary and peripheral edema
Warm extremities

A

wet beriberi (high output cardiac failure) of thiamine (B1) deficiency

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15
Q

a) Changes to central and peripheral nervous systems
i) i) Peripheral involvement
One. Symmetric motor and sensory neuropathy with associated pain, paresthesia, depression of reflexes
ii) CNS involvement

One. nystagmus
Two. amnesia, impaired learning/memory

A

Dry beriberi (neurological) of thiamine (B1) deficiency

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16
Q

nystagmus leading to ophthalmoplegia, truncal ataxia, confusion

A

Wernicke encephalopathy (dry beriberi of thiamine (b1) deficiency)

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17
Q

‘amnesia, confabulation, impaired learning/memory

A

Korsakoff syndrome (dry beriberi of thiamine (b1) deficiency)

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18
Q

vitamin B2 AKA

A

riboflavin

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19
Q

i. Cheilosis (severe cracking of the lips)
ii. Angular stomatitis
iii. Glossitits (sore tongue/throat)
iv. Seborrheic dermatitis
v. Corneal vascularization
vi. Weakness
vii. Anemia

A

vitamin B2 riboflavin

also looks like B3 (niacin), B6 (pyridoxine) deficiencies

20
Q

Vitamin B3 AKA

A

niacin, pellagra

21
Q

1) Dermatitis: photosensitive, symmetric, skin-exposed areas (dark, dry, scaling)
2) Diarrhea: can be severe, malabsorption due to intestinal villi atrophy
3) Dementia: insomnia, irritability, apathy (confusion, memory loss, hallucinations, psychosis)
4) Death may occur

A

vitamin B3 niacin - pellegra advanced disease

22
Q

3 D’s

A

dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia (sometimes death) in vitamin B3 niacin deficiency

23
Q

Vitamin B6 AKA

A

pyridoxine

24
Q

Isoniazid

A

given with B6 (pyridoxine)

25
Q

Vitamin B12 AKA

A

cyancobalamin

26
Q

absorption of B12

A

terminal ileum with intrinsic factor

27
Q

MCC of B12 deficiency

A

pernicious anemia: lack intrinsic factor

28
Q

Risk factor for B12

A

Chron’s disease

29
Q

Differentiation between B12 and FA

A

1) Demyelination in posterior columns in lateral corticospinal tracts, and spinocerebellar tracts
2) Loss of proprioception
Urinary/fecal incontinence, impotence

Neurological symptoms

30
Q

Serum B12 low, methylmalonic acid and homocysteine levels are high

A

Megaloblastic anemia

31
Q

How much FA is stored

A

3 months

32
Q

Risk factors of FA deficiency

A

1) Tropical sprue
2) Poor diet, alcoholism
3) Concurrent vitamin B12 deficiency
4) Drugs: phenytoin, sulfonamides
5) Use of folate antagonists: methotrexate
6) Increased demand: pregnancy, exfoliative skin disease, chronic hemolytic anemia

33
Q

Vitamin C AKA

A

ascorbic acid

34
Q

i. Bleeding gums
ii. Perifollicular hemorrhages
iii. Perifollicular papules, petechiae, purpura
iv. Splinter hemorrhages
v. Hemarthroses

A

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency

35
Q

hemarthrosis in absence of trauma

A

scurvy

36
Q

Most common cause of osteomalacia in adults and Rickett’s in kids

A

Vitamin D deficiency

37
Q

1) Delayed growth, muscle weakness, pain in the spine/pelvis/legs, thickening of wrists and ankles, bow legged or knock-knee, kyphoscoliosis or lumbar lordosis, costochondral joint thickening

A

Rickets (vitamin D deficiency in children)

38
Q

1) Typically ASx at first
2) Bone and join pain
3) Reduce muscle strength and endurance
4) Pathologic fractures

A

Osteomalacia in adult Vitamin D deficiency

39
Q

Serum diagnostics of Vitamin D deficiency

A

25 (OH) Vitamin D3

40
Q

Vitamin D3 AKA

A

cholecalciferol

41
Q

i. Muscle weakness and myalgias
ii. Absence or depressed reflexes
iii. Ataxia (gait disturbances)
iv. Decreased vibratory and proprioceptive sensation
v. Ophthalmoplegia

A

Vitamin E deficiency

42
Q

Copper ring around irirs

A

kayser-fleischer ring

43
Q

a. Hepatic manifestations in teenagers with neuropsychiatric findings
b. Consider in any child/young adult with…
i. Hepatitis
ii. Splenomegaly with hypersplenism
iii. Coombs-negative hemolytic anemia
iv. Portal HTN
v. Neurologic or psychiatric abnormalities
c. Dysarthria, dysphagia, incoordination, spasticity
d. Migraines, insomnia, seizures
e. Behavior and personality changes, emotional lability

A

Wilson’s disease

44
Q

Gold standard diagnosis of Wilson’s disease

A

biopsy of liver

45
Q

treatment for Wilson’s disease

A

oral penicillamine or trientine

Gastrointestinal (12 decks)

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