GI A&P - hormones

Question 1

mucous neck cell secretes…

Answer 1

thin, watery mucus

bicarb

Question 2

parietal cells secrete…

Answer 2

gastric acid (HCl)
intrinsic factor (Ca2+ absorption)

Question 3

enterochromaffin-like cells secrete…

Answer 3

histamine

Question 4

histamine hormone does what

Answer 4

stimulates the parietal cells to secrete HCl- acid

Question 5

chief cells secrete…

Answer 5

pepsinogen

gastric lipase

Question 6

D cells secrete…

Answer 6

somatostatin

Question 7

somatostatin does what

Answer 7

inhibits secretion of gastrin by G cells

inhibition of gastrin results in inhibition of histamine release from ECL cells and parietal cell release of HCl-

ultimately: inhibits release of gastrin, histamine, and HCl- acid

Question 8

G cells secrete…

Answer 8

gastrin to stimulate acid production in response to eating

Question 9

ACh of the enteric nervous system does…

Answer 9

contraction of smooth muscle in GI wall

relaxes sphincters

increases salivary secretion
increases gastric secretion
increases pancreatic secretion

Question 10

NE of the enteric nervous system does…

Answer 10

relaxation of smooth muscle in GI wall

contraction of sphincters

increases salivary secretion

Question 11

vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) of the enteric nervous system does…

Answer 11

relaxes smooth muscle in GI wall

increases intestinal secretion
increases pancreatic secretion

Question 12

substance P of the enteric nervous system does…

Answer 12

increases contraction of the smooth muscle in GI wall

increases salivary secretion

Question 13

neuropeptide P of the enteric nervous system does…

Answer 13

relaxes smooth muscle in GI wall

decreases salivary secretion

Question 14

amylase

Answer 14

breaks down polysaccharides to mono or disaccharides

Question 15

lysozyme

Answer 15

enzymes that kill bacteria

Question 16

secretin of the duodenum does…

Answer 16

decreases gastric emptying

Question 17

CCK of the duodenum

Answer 17

decreases gastric emptying due to presence of fats in chyme

Question 18

oxyntic glands are made up of cells that secrete hormones that…

Answer 18

increase motility, absorption, and digestion

Question 19

pyloric glands are made up of cells that secrete hormones that…

Answer 19

slow down digestion, absorption, and motility

Question 20

gastrin hormone

Answer 20

stimulates H+ secretion by the parietal cells and growth of the gastric mucosa

Question 21

pepsinogen activity…

Answer 21

is converted into active enzyme pepsin through clevage with HCl-

pepsin then cleaves more pepsinogen into pepsin

pepsin breaks down ingested proteins into smaller fragments and AA

Question 22

gastric mucus contains…

also inhibits…

Answer 22

bicarb to neutralize HCl- acid

inhibits pepsin to prevent autodigestion

Question 23

lipase

Answer 23

breaks down fats

Question 24

proteases

Answer 24

breaks down proteins

Question 25

pancreatic juices contains... and functions to...

Answer 25

Contains electrolytes, bicarbs, digestive enzymes that neutralizes gastric acid and provides a basic environment for pancreatic enzymes

Question 26

pancreatic juices are stimulated for release by...

Answer 26

gastric acid CCK from duodenum Vagal stimulation

Question 27

insulin

Answer 27

responds to increased blood glucose and is released from the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas

Question 28

glucagon

Answer 28

is released in response to low blood glucose and stimulates the liver to metabolize glycogen into glucose and release into the blood

Question 29

secretin

Answer 29

major stimulating factor in production of pancreatic juices released from S cells of the duodenum in response to an increased pH in the duodenum

Question 30

S cells of duodenum

Answer 30

secrete secretin to act on pancreas to cause a pancreatic secretion of a watery substance rich in bicarb

Question 31

I cells of duodenum

Answer 31

secrete CCK to act on pancreas to cause the pancreas to secrete a substance rich in digestive enzymes