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Gastrointestinal > GI A&P - hormones > Flashcards

GI A&P - hormones Flashcards

1
Q

mucous neck cell secretes…

A

thin, watery mucus

bicarb

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2
Q

parietal cells secrete…

A 
gastric acid (HCl)
intrinsic factor (Ca2+ absorption)
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3
Q

enterochromaffin-like cells secrete…

A

histamine

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4
Q

histamine hormone does what

A

stimulates the parietal cells to secrete HCl- acid

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5
Q

chief cells secrete…

A

pepsinogen

gastric lipase

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6
Q

D cells secrete…

A

somatostatin

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7
Q

somatostatin does what

A

inhibits secretion of gastrin by G cells

inhibition of gastrin results in inhibition of histamine release from ECL cells and parietal cell release of HCl-

ultimately: inhibits release of gastrin, histamine, and HCl- acid

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8
Q

G cells secrete…

A

gastrin to stimulate acid production in response to eating

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9
Q

ACh of the enteric nervous system does…

A

contraction of smooth muscle in GI wall

relaxes sphincters

increases salivary secretion
increases gastric secretion
increases pancreatic secretion

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10
Q

NE of the enteric nervous system does…

A

relaxation of smooth muscle in GI wall

contraction of sphincters

increases salivary secretion

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11
Q

vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) of the enteric nervous system does…

A

relaxes smooth muscle in GI wall

increases intestinal secretion
increases pancreatic secretion

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12
Q

substance P of the enteric nervous system does…

A

increases contraction of the smooth muscle in GI wall

increases salivary secretion

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13
Q

neuropeptide P of the enteric nervous system does…

A

relaxes smooth muscle in GI wall

decreases salivary secretion

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14
Q

amylase

A

breaks down polysaccharides to mono or disaccharides

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15
Q

lysozyme

A

enzymes that kill bacteria

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16
Q

secretin of the duodenum does…

A

decreases gastric emptying

17
Q

CCK of the duodenum

A

decreases gastric emptying due to presence of fats in chyme

18
Q

oxyntic glands are made up of cells that secrete hormones that…

A

increase motility, absorption, and digestion

19
Q

pyloric glands are made up of cells that secrete hormones that…

A

slow down digestion, absorption, and motility

20
Q

gastrin hormone

A

stimulates H+ secretion by the parietal cells and growth of the gastric mucosa

21
Q

pepsinogen activity…

A

is converted into active enzyme pepsin through clevage with HCl-

pepsin then cleaves more pepsinogen into pepsin

pepsin breaks down ingested proteins into smaller fragments and AA

22
Q

gastric mucus contains…

also inhibits…

A

bicarb to neutralize HCl- acid

inhibits pepsin to prevent autodigestion

23
Q

lipase

A

breaks down fats

24
Q

proteases

A

breaks down proteins

25
Q

pancreatic juices contains… and functions to…

A

Contains electrolytes, bicarbs, digestive enzymes

that neutralizes gastric acid and provides a basic environment for pancreatic enzymes

26
Q

pancreatic juices are stimulated for release by…

A

gastric acid

CCK from duodenum

Vagal stimulation

27
Q

insulin

A

responds to increased blood glucose and is released from the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas

28
Q

glucagon

A

is released in response to low blood glucose and stimulates the liver to metabolize glycogen into glucose and release into the blood

29
Q

secretin

A

major stimulating factor in production of pancreatic juices

released from S cells of the duodenum in response to an increased pH in the duodenum

30
Q

S cells of duodenum

A

secrete secretin to act on pancreas to cause a pancreatic secretion of a watery substance rich in bicarb

31
Q

I cells of duodenum

A

secrete CCK to act on pancreas to cause the pancreas to secrete a substance rich in digestive enzymes

Gastrointestinal (12 decks)

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