Vitamins

Question 1

Vitamin A

Answer 1

Retinoids

Night blindness

Question 2

Vitamin B1

Answer 2

Thiamine

Beriberi- polyneuropathy, wernicke-korsakoff
Heart failure

Question 3

Vitamin B3

Answer 3

Niacin

Pellagra
- dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia

Question 4

Vitamin B6

Answer 4

Pyridoxine

Anaemia, irritability, seizures

Question 5

Vitamin B7

Answer 5

Biotin

Dermatitis, seborrhoea

Question 6

Vitamin B9

Answer 6

Folic acid

Megoblastic anaemia, neural tube defects in deficient in pregnancy

Question 7

Vitamin B12

Answer 7

Cyanocobalamin

Absorbed in terminal ileum

Megoblastic anaemia, sore tongue and mouth, neuro symptoms eg ataxia, neuropsych eg mood disturbance

Treat B12 deficiency before folic acid to avoid precipitating subacute combined degeneration of the cord

IM hydroxocobalamin

Question 8

Vitamin C

Answer 8

Absorbic acid

Scurvy - gingivitis, bleeding
Poor wound healing
Malaise

Question 9

Vitamin D

Answer 9

Ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol

Rickets, osteomalacia

Question 10

Vitamin E

Answer 10

Tocopherol, tocotrienol

Mild haemolytic anemia in newborn infants, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy

Question 11

Vitamin K

Answer 11

Naphthoquinone

Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn
Bleeding disorders

Question 12

Vitamin D resistant Rickets

Answer 12

X linked dominant
Presents in infancy with failure to thrive
Impaired phosphate reabsorption in the renal tubular

High urinary phosphate for diagnosis

Question 13

Drugs interfere in folate metabolism

Answer 13

In liver, green veg and nuts.

Trimethoprim, methotrexate, pyrimethamine

Phenytoin can decrease absorption

Question 14

Iron

Answer 14

Absorbed in upper small intestine 
Total 4g
Carried as ion bound to transferrin 
Stored in ferritin 
Excreted via intestinal tract after desquamination