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Yr 11 HE > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of vitamins?

A

Vitamin A, D, B1, B12, Folate, Folic acid and vitamin C

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of vitamin A?

A

Retinol and carotene

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3
Q

What is the function of retinol?

A

Needed for the production of visual purple which enables good vision in dim light

Needed for normal growth and development in children

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4
Q

What are the sources of retinol?

A 
Animal sources: 
Cheese 
Eggs 
Oily fish 
Whole milk 
Fortified margarine 
Liver
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5
Q

What are the effects of a deficiency in retinol?

A

Leads to poor dim light vision and with prolonged deficiency total blindness could occur

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6
Q

What are the effects of an excess intake of retinol?

A

Can be toxic in large amounts and can cause birth defects, miscarriage or still birth of consumed in high quantities by pregnant people

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7
Q

What should pregnant women not eat?

A

Liver or its products

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8
Q

What is the function of carotene?

A

Is an antioxidant vitamin which helps prevent damage to the cells therefore reduces the risk of CHD and some cancers

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9
Q

What are the sources of carotene?

A

Plant sources:
Carrots
Green leafy veg
Orange coloured fruits

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10
Q

What are the effects of a deficiency of carotene?

A

Could increase the risk of serious diseases such as CHD and some cancers

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11
Q

What are the effects of an excess intake?

A

None

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12
Q

What can carotene do?

A

Can be converted into a retinol equivalent that does he same job as retinol

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13
Q

What is the function of vitamin D?

A

Helps the body to absorb calcium from food and enables it to be deposited on bones and teeth

Phosphorus work with vit. D and calcium to strengthen bones and teeth

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14
Q

What are the sources of vitamin D?

A

Non food - action of sunlight on the skin

Food - oily fish, eggs, butter, meat and fortified foods

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15
Q

What are the effects of a deficiency of vitamin D?

A

In children deficiency leads to a lack of calcium absorption and therefore a skeletal deficiency called rickets

In adults the disease is called osteomalacia and is characterised by bone pain and weak bones

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16
Q

What are the effects of an excess intake of vitamin D?

A

Large amounts can cause weakening of the bones and can cause excess calcium to be absorbed from food and be deposited in the soft tissues

17
Q

What is vitamin D?

A

A fat soluble vitamin

18
Q

What is the function of vitamin B1?

A

For the release of energy from carbohydrates

For normal growth in children

For the maintenance of nerves

19
Q

What are the sources of vitamin B1?

A 
Fortified cereal 
Pork 
Nuts 
Pulses 
Brown rice 
Potatoes
20
Q

What are the effects of a deficiency of vitamin B1?

A

Can cause tiredness or lethargy

Children may not grow at the rate expected for their age or reach maximum height expected

21
Q

What are the effects of an excess intake of vitamin B1?

A

Water soluble vitamin and is removed in the urine

22
Q

What is the function of vitamin B12?

A

Needed for the formation of healthy red blood cells

23
Q

What are the sources of vitamin B12?

A 
Milk and dairy 
Eggs
Red meat 
Fish 
Chicken
24
Q

What are the effects of a deficiency in B12?

A

Pernicious anaemia

Symptoms: 
Excessive tiredness 
Breathlessness 
Listlessness 
Pale skin 
Poor resistance to infection
25
Q

What are the effects of an excess intake of vitamin B13?

A

A water soluble vitamin so excess is removed in the urine

26
Q

Vitamin B12 is naturally found in…

A

Animal foods

27
Q

What is the function of folate?

A

Essential for normal growth in children

28
Q

What are the sources of folate and folic acid?

A 
Oranges 
Bananas 
Peas 
Whole grain food 
Nuts 
Pulses
29
Q

What are the effects of a deficiency of folate?

A

Can interfere with normal growth in children

30
Q

Effect of excess intake?

A

None

31
Q

What is the function of folic acid?

A

Formation of red blood cells to avoid megaloblastic anaemia

To reduce the risk of developing spina bifida

32
Q

What are the effects of a deficiency of folic acid?

A

Can increase the risk of megaloblastic anaemia

Can increase the risk of a baby being born with spina bifida

33
Q

Additional note

A

A supplement of 400nmg of folic acid should be taken every day 3 months before conception and 3 months into pregnancy to reduce the risk of spina bifida

Spine develops first

34
Q

What is the function of vitamin C?

A

AIDS the absorption of non haem iron

Is an antioxidant vitamin which protects cells against damage and therefore reduces the risk of cancers and CHD

Boosts the immune systems and reduced the risk of minor infections such as cold and flu

35
Q

What are the dietary sources of vitamin C?

A 
Rich sources: 
Oranges 
Peppers 
Berries 
Citrus fruits

Good sources:
Kiwi fruit
Peas

36
Q

What are the effects of a deficiency in vitamin C?

A

Iron deficiency anaemia in those who rely on non haem iron sources

In extreme cases scurvy can develop
Symptoms: bleeding gums, wounds fail to heal

In short term reduce immunity

37
Q

What are the effects of an excess intake of vitamin C?

A

Diarrhoea and intestinal cramps

38
Q

Additional notes

A

Only found in fruit and vegetable in an appreciable amounts

39
Q

What is the link between vitamin C and iron?

A

Vitamin c AIDS the body to absorb non haem iron and it has to be eaten or drunk at the same meal

Yr 11 HE (10 decks)

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