Carbohydrate Flashcards
What are the 2 types of carbohydrate that supply energy to the body?
Starch and sugar
How much energy does 1g of pure starch or sugar provide the body with?
3.75 kcal
What does NSP stand for?
Non starch polysaccharide
What is NSP?
Fibre
What is NSP a type of?
Carbohydrate but it doesn’t supply ENERGY
What is starch formed from?
From thousands of glucose units joined together and so when starch is digested the big molecule is gradually broken down into smaller pieces and as this happens energy is released
What section of the eat well plate are starchy foods found?
Bread, rice, potatoes and pasta
What are sources of starch?
Potatoes Bread Rice Quinoa Pasta Cereal Fruit/veg Cous-cous
What is sugar?
A very small molecule which is digested very quickly - this is why it provides a fairly immediate supply of energy
Sources of sugary foods?
Fruit juices Confectionary Cakes and buns Biscuits Jelly Table sugar Ice cream Sugar in dairy products
What is NSP another type of?
Polysaccharide
How much are adults advised to have an intake of per day?
18g
What are the 2 main types on NSP?
Insoluble and soluble NSP
What foods are high in insoluble NSP?
Whole grain products Fruit skins Oats Nuts Pulses Beans Fruit and veg
What are the functions of insoluble NSP?
It acts like a spine and absorbs water as it moves through the digestive system.
This adds bulk to the faeces making it soft and easily removed from the body, therefore reducing the risk of constipation and gut diseases eg diverticulitis and bowel cancer
What is constipation?
When the faeces become hard and move through the intestine slowly
What is diverticulitis disease?
Small pockets which develop in the lining of the intestine which become inflamed or infected
Soluble NSP…..
Dissolves in water
What are the sources of soluble NSP?
Oats
Pulses
Fruit
Lentils
What is the function of soluble NSP?
Helps to reduce blood cholesterol and therefore the risk of CHD
Eating too many sugary and starchy carbohydrates may increase your risk of developing….
Obesity
Why does an excess of sugar and starchy carbohydrate cause obesity?
Excess calories turn into fat which is stored in the body as fat
What health problems does obesity cause in later life?
Type 2 diabetes
CHD
Some cancers
Hypertension
Where should we get most of our energy from?
Starchy carbohydrates because they provide you with a range of other nutrients and a steady release of energy which last longer whereas sugar only provides a quick release of energy
Too many foods contains sugar cause…
The risk of developing tooth decay
Why does this cause tooth decay?
Bacteria in the mouth feed on the sugar in the food we eat and produces an acid
The stocky mixture of food, bacteria and acid is called..
Plaque
The acid…
Erodes the tooth enamel eventually causing tooth decay
What is the word equation for tooth decay?
Sugar + bacteria –> acid(erosion of enamel)
How can parents reduce the risk of their children developing tooth decay?
- Encourage good dental hygiene
- Visit the dentist every 6 months
- Avoid sweets, treats only
- Replace fizzy drinks with water
What are the effects of a deficiency of carbohydrate?
Lack of energy, lethargy and weight loss
