Vitamins

Question 1

Which vitamins are fat soluble?

Answer 1

Vitamins A, D, E & K

Question 2

Which vitamins are water soluble?

Answer 2

Vitamins B & C

Question 3

How are fat soluble vitamins absorbed?

Answer 3

They follow the pathway of fat absorption

Question 4

How are water soluble vitamins absorbed?

Answer 4

By diffusion or mediated transport

Question 5

Where is vitamins C absorbed?

Answer 5

Jejunum

Question 6

Where are the B vitamins absorbed?

Answer 6

Ileum

Question 7

What does vitamin B12 require for absorption?

Answer 7

Intrinsic factor

Question 8

What is the role of vitamin A?

Answer 8

Cellular growth and differentiation, immune system (lymphocyte production) and appetite regulation

Question 9

What is the role of B vitamins?

Answer 9

Involved in cell metabolism - mainly coenzymes

Question 10

What is the role of vitamin C?

Answer 10

Synthesis of collagen, NT, acts as antioxidant, aids non-heme iron absorption

Question 11

What is the role of vitamin D?

Answer 11

Enhances intestinal absorption of calcium, phosphate, iron, magnesium & zinc

Note: main two to acknowledge are calcium & phosphate

Question 12

What is the role of vitamin E?

Answer 12

Antioxidant

Question 13

What is the role of vitamin K?

Answer 13

It is needed for blood clotting & healthy bones

Question 14

What are the sources of vitamin A?

Answer 14

Liver
Diary products
Oily fish

Question 15

What are the sources of B vitamins?

Answer 15

Pulses
Beans
Grains
Potatoes 
Bananas

Question 16

What are the sources of vitamin C?

Answer 16

Citrus fruits
Green veg
Potatoes
Kidneys

Question 17

What are the sources of vitamin D?

Answer 17

Most is synthesised in the skin using UV from sunlight

Some is gained through diet such as oily fish & eggs

Question 18

What are the sources of vitamin E?

Answer 18

Plant oils
Soya
Corn
Olive oil
Nuts & seeds

Question 19

What are the sources of vitamin K?

Answer 19

Leafy vegetables
Vegetable oils
Cereal grains

Question 20

What can happen if you are deficient in vitamin A?

Answer 20

Night blindness
Dry eyes
Impaired hearing
Impaired taste and smell
Increased susceptibility to infection

Question 21

What can happen if you are deficient in B12?

Answer 21

B12 & B9 (folate) deficiency can affect DNA synthesis in red blood cells and lead to macrolytic anaemia (where RBC are larger than normal but have decreased haemoglobin)

Question 22

What can happen if you are deficient in vitamin C?

Answer 22

Weakness
Shortness of breath
Aching bones

Question 23

What can happen if you are deficient in vitamin D?

Answer 23

Bone deformities in children (Rickets)

Bone pain in adults (osteomalacia)

Question 24

What can happen if you are deficient in vitamin E?

Answer 24

Red cell destruction
Retinopathy

Note: these are less likely as vitamin E is stored

Question 25

What can happen if you are deficient in vitamin K?

Answer 25

Uncontrollable bleeding Weakened bones Calcification of arteries