Vitamins Flashcards
Where is vitamin A found?
Liver
Leafy greens
Kidney
Yolk
What is the function of vit A?
Antioxidant
Essential for normal differentiation of epithelial cells in to specialized tissue
What does a deficiency in vit A cause?
Bitot’s spots (abnormal proliferation of keratinization on the cornea)
Night blindness
Dry, scaly skin
Keratomalacia (wrinkled and cloudy cornea)
Decreased CMI and humoral immunity
Follicular hyper keratosis of shoulders, butt, and extensor surfaces
What does toxicity of vit A look like?
Headache, vomiting Papilledema Dry skin Cirrhosis with hepatomegaly Hyperlipidemia Alopecia Pruritis Irritable Increased ICP Tender swelling of the bones Limited mobility
What is B1 used for?
Links glycolysis to TCA cycle Used for transketolase (HMP shunt) Branched chain amino acid dehydrogenase Alpha ketoglutarate DH Needed for ATP synthesis
What is a deficiency in B1 like?
Wernicke-korsakoff
Dry beriberi: polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting
Wet beriberi: high output HF, tachy, vom, cyanosis, dypsnea
What is the function of vit B2?
Cofactor in oxidation and reduction
In what situation is there likely to be a B2 deficiency?
When there is a food shortage (refugee camp)
What does a B2 deficiency look like?
Seborrheic dermatitis Cheilosis (inflammation of the lips, scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth) Photophobia Hyperemia mucosa Glossitis Stomatitis Brittle nails Corneal vascularization Anemia
What is B3 derived from?
Tryptophan
When do you see a B3 deficiency?
Alcoholics People who only eat corn Hartnup's disease Carcinoid syndrome INH
What does deficiency of B3 look like?
Glossies Red rash Red tongue Insomnia Anxiety Disorientation Delusions Encephalopathy
What is needed for the synthesis of B3?
B6
What is the function of pantothenate?
Essential for FA synthesis
What does a B5 deficiency look like?
Dermatitis
Enteritis
Alopecia
Adrenal insufficiency
What is the fxn of B6?
Used in transamination reactions
Used to synthesize neurotransmitters, heme, niacin, histamine, cystathionine
What does a deficiency in B6 cause?
Convulsions Hyper irritability Peripheral neuropathy Sideroblastic anemia Cheilosis Glossitis Dermatitis
What does a deficiency in biotin cause?
Dermatitis
Alopecia
Enteritis
Metabolic acidosis
How do you get a B7 deficiency?
Excessive antibiotic use
Ingestion of raw eggs
How do you get a zinc deficiency?
Long term TPN
Resection of bowel
What does a zinc deficiency look like?
Delayed wound healing Alopecia Bullous/pustules lesions around the mouth Decreased taste Anosmia Hypogonadism Decreased bodily hair
What is the function of Vit C?
Antioxidant Iron absorption Collagen synthesis Converts dopamine to norepinephrine Tx for methb
What does a vit C deficiency look like?
Swollen gums Bruising Hemarthrosis Joint pain Edema Hyper keratosis Anemia Poor wound healing Weak immune system Depression Vase motor instability
What does vitamin C excess look like?
N/V/D Fatigue Sleep problems Risk of iron toxicity Calcium oxalate kidney stones
What does Vit D excess look like?
Hypercalcemia - polyuria, thirst, constipation
Loss of appetite
Hypercalciuria
What is the function of Vit E?
Protects erythrocytes and membranes from free radicals
Synergistic with warfarin
What does a vitamin E deficiency look like?
Hemolytic anemia Muscle weakness Ataxia Paresthesias Mimics Friedrich's ataxia Dysarthria Hypo reflexia
What does vit E excess look like?
Increased mortality due to hemorrhagic stroke
Increased incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants?
What are Bitot’s spots and which vitamin are they associated with?
Dry, silver-gray plaques on the bulbar conjunctiva
From vit A def
What is infantile beriberi?
Presents with fulminant cardiac syndrome: cardiomegaly, tachycardia, cyanosis, dypsnea, vomiting between 2-3 months of age
Which vitamin toxicity can cause pseudotumor cerebri?
Vitamin A
