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Step 2 High Yield > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

0
Q

Where is vitamin A found?

A

Liver
Leafy greens
Kidney
Yolk

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1
Q

What is the function of vit A?

A

Antioxidant

Essential for normal differentiation of epithelial cells in to specialized tissue

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2
Q

What does a deficiency in vit A cause?

A

Bitot’s spots (abnormal proliferation of keratinization on the cornea)
Night blindness
Dry, scaly skin
Keratomalacia (wrinkled and cloudy cornea)
Decreased CMI and humoral immunity
Follicular hyper keratosis of shoulders, butt, and extensor surfaces

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3
Q

What does toxicity of vit A look like?

A 
Headache, vomiting 
Papilledema
Dry skin
Cirrhosis with hepatomegaly 
Hyperlipidemia
Alopecia 
Pruritis
Irritable 
Increased ICP 
Tender swelling of the bones
Limited mobility
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4
Q

What is B1 used for?

A 
Links glycolysis to TCA cycle
Used for transketolase (HMP shunt)
Branched chain amino acid dehydrogenase 
Alpha ketoglutarate DH 
Needed for ATP synthesis
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5
Q

What is a deficiency in B1 like?

A

Wernicke-korsakoff
Dry beriberi: polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting
Wet beriberi: high output HF, tachy, vom, cyanosis, dypsnea

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6
Q

What is the function of vit B2?

A

Cofactor in oxidation and reduction

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7
Q

In what situation is there likely to be a B2 deficiency?

A

When there is a food shortage (refugee camp)

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8
Q

What does a B2 deficiency look like?

A 
Seborrheic dermatitis
Cheilosis (inflammation of the lips, scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth)
Photophobia
Hyperemia mucosa
Glossitis
Stomatitis
Brittle nails 
Corneal vascularization 
Anemia
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9
Q

What is B3 derived from?

A

Tryptophan

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10
Q

When do you see a B3 deficiency?

A 
Alcoholics
People who only eat corn
Hartnup's disease
Carcinoid syndrome 
INH
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11
Q

What does deficiency of B3 look like?

A 
Glossies
Red rash
Red tongue
Insomnia
Anxiety
Disorientation
Delusions
Encephalopathy
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12
Q

What is needed for the synthesis of B3?

A

B6

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13
Q

What is the function of pantothenate?

A

Essential for FA synthesis

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14
Q

What does a B5 deficiency look like?

A

Dermatitis
Enteritis
Alopecia
Adrenal insufficiency

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15
Q

What is the fxn of B6?

A

Used in transamination reactions

Used to synthesize neurotransmitters, heme, niacin, histamine, cystathionine

16
Q

What does a deficiency in B6 cause?

A 
Convulsions
Hyper irritability 
Peripheral neuropathy
Sideroblastic anemia 
Cheilosis
Glossitis
Dermatitis
17
Q

What does a deficiency in biotin cause?

A

Dermatitis
Alopecia
Enteritis
Metabolic acidosis

18
Q

How do you get a B7 deficiency?

A

Excessive antibiotic use

Ingestion of raw eggs

19
Q

How do you get a zinc deficiency?

A

Long term TPN

Resection of bowel

20
Q

What does a zinc deficiency look like?

A 
Delayed wound healing
Alopecia
Bullous/pustules lesions around the mouth 
Decreased taste
Anosmia
Hypogonadism 
Decreased bodily hair
21
Q

What is the function of Vit C?

A 
Antioxidant
Iron absorption
Collagen synthesis 
Converts dopamine to norepinephrine 
Tx for methb
22
Q

What does a vit C deficiency look like?

A 
Swollen gums
Bruising 
Hemarthrosis 
Joint pain
Edema
Hyper keratosis 
Anemia
Poor wound healing 
Weak immune system 
Depression
Vase motor instability
23
Q

What does vitamin C excess look like?

A 
N/V/D
Fatigue
Sleep problems 
Risk of iron toxicity 
Calcium oxalate kidney stones
24
Q

What does Vit D excess look like?

A

Hypercalcemia - polyuria, thirst, constipation
Loss of appetite
Hypercalciuria

25
Q

What is the function of Vit E?

A

Protects erythrocytes and membranes from free radicals

Synergistic with warfarin

26
Q

What does a vitamin E deficiency look like?

A 
Hemolytic anemia 
Muscle weakness 
Ataxia
Paresthesias
Mimics Friedrich's ataxia 
Dysarthria 
Hypo reflexia
27
Q

What does vit E excess look like?

A

Increased mortality due to hemorrhagic stroke

Increased incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants?

28
Q

What are Bitot’s spots and which vitamin are they associated with?

A

Dry, silver-gray plaques on the bulbar conjunctiva

From vit A def

29
Q

What is infantile beriberi?

A

Presents with fulminant cardiac syndrome: cardiomegaly, tachycardia, cyanosis, dypsnea, vomiting between 2-3 months of age

30
Q

Which vitamin toxicity can cause pseudotumor cerebri?

A

Vitamin A

Step 2 High Yield (20 decks)

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