Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Step 2 High Yield > MSK Tx And Tests > Flashcards

MSK Tx And Tests Flashcards

0
Q

What is the tx for hip dislocation?

A

Closed reduction followed by abduction pillow/bracing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is the tx for shoulder dislocation?

A

Reduction

Swath and sling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What should be done after a reduction of a hip dislocation?

A

CT scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the tx for a Colles fx that is intra-articular?

A

Open reduction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the tx of a Colles fx?

A

Closed reduction with a long arm cast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the tx for scaphoid fx that is displaced or has nonunion?

A

Open reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the tx for a scaphoid fx?

A

Thumb spica cast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the tx for an excessively angulated boxer’s fx?

A

Percutaneous pinning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the tx for a boxer’s fx?

A

Closed reduction and ulnar gutter splint
Surgical debridement and irrigation if skin is broken +
IV antibiotics that will cover human pathogens such as eikenella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the tx for humerus fx?

A

Hanging arm cast vs. coaptation splint and sling

Fxnal bracing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s the tx for nightstick fx?

A

ORIF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What’s the tx for Monteggia’s fx?

A

ORIF with closed reduction of the radial head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the tx of Galeazzi’s fx?

A

ORIF of radius

Casting in supination to reduced the dislocated distal radio ulnar joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the tx for a hip fx?

A

ORIF + anti coagulation

Hip hemiarthroplasty in old patients with displaced femoral neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the tx of a femoral fx?

A

Intramedullary nailing of the femur

Irrigation and debridement if open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the tx for a tibial fx?

A

ORIF v. Intramedullary nailing vs casting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When should patients with an open fx be taken to the ER?

A

Within 8-24 h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the tx for an Achilles’ tendon rupture?

A

Surgery + long leg cast for 6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the diagnostic test of choice for knee injuries?

A

MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which injuries of the knee can be treated conservatively?

A

MCL/LCL and meniscal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the tx of an ACL tear?

A

Surgical with graft from patellar or hamstring tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who gets PCL reconstruction?

A

Highly competitive athletes with high grade injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Who gets meniscal repairs?

A

Younger patients with reparable tears

Older patients who don’t want conservative tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do you diagnose compartment syndrome?

A

Measure compartment pressures: positive if above 30 mmHg

Measure delta pressure (diastolic pressure - compartment pressure): positive if below 30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
What can be done to confirm median nerve compression?
EMG
25
How do you diagnose carpal tunnel?
Positive Phalen and Tinel's | Clinically
26
What's the tx of carpal tunnel?
Splint wrist in neutral position at night and during the day if possible NSAIDs Corticosteroid injection Surgical release (for fixed sensory loss, thenar weakness, intolerable sx)
27
What do you do if you suspect septic bursitis?
Needle aspiration
28
How do you tx septic bursitis?
7-10 days of antibiotics
29
What is contraindicated in septic bursitis?
Steroid injection
30
What is conservative tx of bursitis?
Rest Ice Heat NSAID
31
How do you treat tendinitis?
``` NSAID Rest Ice for 24-48 hours Consider splinting or bracing Strengthening exercises AFTER pain has subsided ```
32
What do you do is you suspect cauda equine syndrome?
Stat MRI
33
What do you do if symptoms of a herniated disk persist after conservative management?
order an MRI
34
What do you order to rule out other causes of the back pain?
ESR and XR
35
What is the tx for a herniated disk?
NSAIDs at scheduled doses Physical therapy Local heat
36
What test is specific but not sensitive for a herniated disk?
Crossed straight leg raise
37
What test is sensitive but not specific for herniated disk?
Straight leg raise test
38
How do you diagnose spinal stenosis?
MRI or CT | May see degenerative changes on XR
39
What is the tx for mild spinal stenosis?
NSAIDs | Abdominal muscle strengthening
40
What is the treatment of advanced spinal stenosis?
Epidural corticosteroid injections
41
What is the tx for severe spinal stenosis?
Surgical laminectomy
42
How do you diagnose osteosarcoma, Ewing's, and giant cell tumor?
XR: codman's triangle, sunburst pattern Onion skinning of Ewing's Soap bubble of giant cell tumor
43
How do you stage osteosarcoma?
MRI and CT of the chest
44
What is the tx of osteosarcoma, Ewing's and giant cell tumor?
Limb preserving surgery and chemo/radiation | Amputation
45
How do you diagnose septic arthritis?
Joint aspiration
46
What is the tx of septic arthritis?
Empirical tx with vanc and ceftriaxone until cultures come back Surgical debridement or serial aspirations
47
How do you diagnose OA?
XR | Synovial fluid aspiration
48
What is the tx for OA?
Weight loss Physical therapy NSAIDs Joint replacement
49
How do you diagnose gout?
Joint fluid aspiration | Serum uric acid level may be above 7.5
50
What is the first line tx for an acute gout attack?
NSAIDs
51
What can be used if NSAIDs are ineffective?
Steroids
52
What is used for maintenance of gout?
Allopurinol Probenecid Weight loss and avoidance of triggers
53
What is the tx of anklyosing spondylitis?
NSAIDs Exercise TNF alpha inhibitors (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab) Or Sulfalazine (refractory cases)
54
How do you diagnose myosotis?
Anti-Jo abs and elevated serum CK | Muscle bx
55
What is the tx of the myosotis?
High dose corticosteroids with taper after 4-6 weeks | Azathioprine and/or MTX
56
What is the tx of RA?
NSAIDs then DMARDs | 1st choice: MTX then hydroxychloroquine and sulfalazine
57
What are the second line agents for tx RA?
TNF inhibitors Rituximab Leflunomide
58
How do you diagnose scleroderma?
Anti-centromere abs | Anti-Scl 70 abs
59
How do you treat skin changes in scleroderma?
Penicillamine
60
How do you treat acute flares of scleroderma?
Corticosteroids
61
How do you tx Raynaud's?
CCB
62
How do you treat renal disease in scleroderma?
ACEi
63
How do you diagnose drug induced SLE?
Anti histone abs
64
How do you diagnose neonatal SLE?
Anti-Ro Abs
65
How do you diagnose SLE?
Anti-dsDNA anti-Smith Anti-snRP
66
Whatis the tx for progressive SLE?
Hydroxychloroquine Cyclophosphamide Azathioprine
67
What should you do if the patient has nephrotic sx?
Get a renal bx
68
What drug should be used for lupus nephritis.
Cyclophosphamide
69
What drug can be used for isolated skin and joint involvement in SLE?
Hydroxychloroquine
70
How do you diagnose poly myalgia rheumatica?
Increased ESR and anemia
71
What is the tx of polymyalgia rheumatica?
Low dose prednisone
72
How do you diagnose temporal arteritis?
ESR Opthalmic exam Temporal artery bx
73
What is the tx for temporal arteritis?
High dose prednisone
74
What is the tx for regional pain syndrome?
``` NSAIDs TCA Steroids Gabapentin Pregabalin Physical therapy Chemical sympathetic blockade ```
75
What is the diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia?
11/18 tender points in all 4 body quadrants and the axial skeleton
76
What is the tx for fibromyalgia?
``` Antidepressants (TCA/SSRI combo or 2 SNRIs) Gabapentin Pregabalin Muscle relaxants Physical therapy ```
77
How do you diagnose muscular dystrophy?
Immunostain for dystrophin (negative), elevated CK Muscle bx EMG : shows polyphasic potentials and increased recruitment Can do western blot for dystrophin
78
What is the tx for a clavicular fx?
Figure of eight sling vs arm sling
79
How do you tx a free stick fx?
Reduction with casting | Get XR at 10-14 days
80
What is the tx for nursemaid's elbow?
Manual reduction by gentle supination of the elbow at 90 degrees of flexion to put radial head back in place
81
What is the tx for a torus fx?
Cast immobilization for 3-5 weeks
82
What is the tx for a supracondylar humerus fx?
Cast immobilization | Closed reduction with percutaneous pinning if significant displaced
83
What is the tx for Osgood Schlatter disease?
Rest until asx | Neoprene brace
84
What is the tx of a salter Harris fx?
Closed vs ORIF with immobilization
85
How do you diagnose hip dysplasia?
Barthow's and Ortolani's maneuvers - dislocate hip posterior and then reduce Allis/Galeazzi's sign: unequal knee heights US after 10 weeks of age XR after 4 months of age
86
What is the tx for hip dysplasia in a baby less than 6 months old?
Pavlov harness - keeps hips flexed and abducted | Do not flex hips more than 60 degrees
87
What is the tx for hip dysplasia in a baby 6 -15 months old?
Spica cast
88
What is the tx for hip dysplasia in a baby 15-24 months?
Open reduction then spica cast
89
How do you diagnose Legg Calve Perthes?
Limited abduction and internal rotation
90
How do you tx Legg calve Perthes?
Observation If extensive - decrease ROM and brace with Petrie cast or osteotomy
91
How do you diagnose SCFE?
Radiograph both hips in AP and frog leg lateral views
92
What must you rule out with SCFE?
Hypothyroidism - get a TSH
93
What is the tx for SCFE?
Percutaneous single screw fixation
94
How do you diagnose scoliosis?
AP and full length XR
95
What is the tx for scoliosis curves less than 20 degrees?
Observation
96
What is the tx for scoliosis curves between 20-49 degrees?
Bracing
97
What is the tx for scoliosis curves more than 50 degrees?
Surgery
98
What is the tx for JIA?
NSAIDs | Corticosteroids
99
What is second line tx of JIA?
MTX
100
What is the diagnostic criteria for JIA?
Arthritis in patients less than 16 yo that lasts at least 6 weeks?
101
What is pauciarticular JIA?
Asymmetric joints that involves less than 4 | Iridocyclitis risk that can lead to blindness
102
What labs are ordered to diagnose JIA?
ESR, CBC, ANA , RF
103
What is the first step in evaluating for a scaphoid fx?
XR in full pronation with ulnar deviation
104
What do you do if you get a positive Bartlow's or Ortolani's?
Positive bartlow's or ortolani's --> go to ortho
105
What do you do if there is asymmetry of the hips in a child 2 weeks-6 months?
Hip US
106
What do you do if there is asymmetry of the hips in a child 4-6 months?
Hip XR
107
Who should be screened with a lumbosacral US?
Babies with a sacral simple or tuft of hair
108
What should an abnormal lumbosacral US be followed by?
Spinal MRI
109
What is the diagnostic test for anklyosing spondylitis?
X-RAY of the sacro iliac joints showing fusion or bamboo spine
110
What is a good drug choice for SLE patients with isolated skin and joint problems?
Hydroxychloroquine

Step 2 High Yield (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions