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unit 6: MCP > Vitamins 24 > Flashcards

Vitamins 24 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the lipid soluble vitamins?

A

ADEK

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2
Q

Do deficiencies arise more quickly in lipid soluble or water soluble vitamin deficient patients?

A

water soluble

-not able to store them

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3
Q

What are four functions of vitamin A?

A
  1. visual cycle - rhodopsin, cone opsins
  2. synthesis of glucoproteins, mucopolysacchs
  3. retinoic acid is a hormone
  4. antioxidant
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4
Q

What are five results of a vitamin A deficiency?

A
  1. night blindness early, xeropthalmia advanced
  2. follicular hyperkeratosis
  3. anemia despite normal iron intake
  4. poor growth in kids
  5. inc susceptibility to infection and cancer
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5
Q

What are two groups that are suceptible to vitamin A deficiency?

A
  1. poor malnourished

2. premature babies

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6
Q

What is the plant and animal source of vitamin A? Which requires further processing?

A
  1. plant - carotenoids - require further processing

2. animal - retinol

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7
Q

What are three functions of vitamin D?

A
  1. mantains bone
  2. calcium homeostasis
  3. hormone - acts in many tissues
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8
Q

What disease results from Vit D deficiency in kids? in adults?

A

kids - rickets

adults - osteomalacia

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9
Q

What does vitamin D help protect against?

A

breast and other cancers

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10
Q

What are three groups of susceptible people to Vit D deficiency?

A
  1. poor
  2. elderly
  3. alcoholics
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11
Q

What can vitamin D toxicity lead to?

A

high serum levels of calcium

bone loss

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12
Q

What are two functions of vitamin K?

A
  1. localization of enzymes for blood clotting

2. catalyzes the addition of gamma-carboxyglut to clotting enzymes

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13
Q

What are some signs of vit k deficiency?

A

bruising, bleeding, hemorrhage

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14
Q

What are four groups of people susceptible to vit K deficiency?

A
  1. newborn babies
  2. patients on long term antibiotics
  3. elderly
    4, patients with defects in fat absorption
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15
Q

What medication is a competitive inhibitor of vitamin k?

A

warfarin

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16
Q

What is the function of Vit E

A

antioxidant:

  • prevents oxidation of LDL
  • protects membranes from being oxidized
17
Q

What organ systems are effected by vit E deficiency?

A

cardiovascular

neuro

18
Q

What are two groups of people susceptible to vit E deficiency?

A
  1. severe prolonged defects in absorption

2. genetic defects

19
Q

what are four functions of vitamin C?

A
  1. cofactor for oxidases in collagen formation
  2. required for synthesis of steroids
  3. aids in absorption in iron
  4. has antioxidant activity
20
Q

What are symptoms that result from vit c deficiency?>

A
  1. mild - bruising, immunocompromise
  2. severe - SCURVY:
    - dec wound healing
    - osteoporosis
    - hemorrhage
    - anemia
21
Q

What are some environmental factors / medications that can cause vitamin C deficiency?

A

smoking
long term treatment with aspirin
oral contraceptives
corticosteroids

22
Q

What are the energy releasing B vitamins?

A
  1. B1 - thiamine
  2. B2 - riboflavin
  3. B3- niacin
  4. Biotin
  5. Panthothenic acid - B5
  6. Pyroxidine - B6
23
Q

Where do symptoms of deficiencies in energy releasing B vitamins occur?

A

rapidly growing tissues

  1. skin - dermatitis
  2. swollen red tongue - glossitis
  3. GI - diarrhea

Nervous system - high E demand

24
Q

What is thiamine a cofactor for?

A

forms TPP:

  • transketolase, transaldolase
  • pyruvate dehdrogenase
  • alphaKG
25
Q

what are symptoms of wernickes or moderate thiamine deficiency?

A

mental disturbance
unsteady gait, uncoordinated eye movement
congestive heart failure

26
Q

What are two groups of people that are suscpeptible to thiamine deficiency?

A
  1. dependent on polished rice

2. alcoholics

27
Q

What is the difference btwn dry and wet beriberi?

A

dry - muscle weakness, polyneurapathy, heart failure

wet - pitting edemia, polyneuropathy, heart failure

28
Q

What is riboflavin a precursor for?

A

FAD and FMN

29
Q

what are symptoms of riboflavin deficiency?

A
  • rash around nose
  • inflammed mouth and tongue
  • burning and itchy eyes, light sensitivity
30
Q

What is niacin a precursor for?

A

NAD and NADP

31
Q

What occurs as a result of niacin deficiency?

A

pellagra

-dermatitis, diarrhea, mental symptoms

32
Q

Who is suceptible to niacin deficiency?

A

people with corn based diets

33
Q

What is biotin a coenzyme for?

A

carboxylases

34
Q

What weird thing can cause biotin deficiency?

A

eating a lot of raw eggs - avidin soaks it up

35
Q

What is panthothenic acid a precursor for?

A

coA

36
Q

What is pyroxidine a precursor for?

A

PLP
involved in:
glycogen breakdown
synthesis of GABA, heme

37
Q

what are the symptoms of pyroxidine deficienncy?

A

mild - irritability, nervousness, depression

severe - neuropathy, convulsions, dec glucose tolerance

unit 6: MCP (17 decks)

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