Vitamins 24 Flashcards
What are the lipid soluble vitamins?
ADEK
Do deficiencies arise more quickly in lipid soluble or water soluble vitamin deficient patients?
water soluble
-not able to store them
What are four functions of vitamin A?
- visual cycle - rhodopsin, cone opsins
- synthesis of glucoproteins, mucopolysacchs
- retinoic acid is a hormone
- antioxidant
What are five results of a vitamin A deficiency?
- night blindness early, xeropthalmia advanced
- follicular hyperkeratosis
- anemia despite normal iron intake
- poor growth in kids
- inc susceptibility to infection and cancer
What are two groups that are suceptible to vitamin A deficiency?
- poor malnourished
2. premature babies
What is the plant and animal source of vitamin A? Which requires further processing?
- plant - carotenoids - require further processing
2. animal - retinol
What are three functions of vitamin D?
- mantains bone
- calcium homeostasis
- hormone - acts in many tissues
What disease results from Vit D deficiency in kids? in adults?
kids - rickets
adults - osteomalacia
What does vitamin D help protect against?
breast and other cancers
What are three groups of susceptible people to Vit D deficiency?
- poor
- elderly
- alcoholics
What can vitamin D toxicity lead to?
high serum levels of calcium
bone loss
What are two functions of vitamin K?
- localization of enzymes for blood clotting
2. catalyzes the addition of gamma-carboxyglut to clotting enzymes
What are some signs of vit k deficiency?
bruising, bleeding, hemorrhage
What are four groups of people susceptible to vit K deficiency?
- newborn babies
- patients on long term antibiotics
- elderly
4, patients with defects in fat absorption
What medication is a competitive inhibitor of vitamin k?
warfarin
What is the function of Vit E
antioxidant:
- prevents oxidation of LDL
- protects membranes from being oxidized
What organ systems are effected by vit E deficiency?
cardiovascular
neuro
What are two groups of people susceptible to vit E deficiency?
- severe prolonged defects in absorption
2. genetic defects
what are four functions of vitamin C?
- cofactor for oxidases in collagen formation
- required for synthesis of steroids
- aids in absorption in iron
- has antioxidant activity
What are symptoms that result from vit c deficiency?>
- mild - bruising, immunocompromise
- severe - SCURVY:
- dec wound healing
- osteoporosis
- hemorrhage
- anemia
What are some environmental factors / medications that can cause vitamin C deficiency?
smoking
long term treatment with aspirin
oral contraceptives
corticosteroids
What are the energy releasing B vitamins?
- B1 - thiamine
- B2 - riboflavin
- B3- niacin
- Biotin
- Panthothenic acid - B5
- Pyroxidine - B6
Where do symptoms of deficiencies in energy releasing B vitamins occur?
rapidly growing tissues
- skin - dermatitis
- swollen red tongue - glossitis
- GI - diarrhea
Nervous system - high E demand
What is thiamine a cofactor for?
forms TPP:
- transketolase, transaldolase
- pyruvate dehdrogenase
- alphaKG
what are symptoms of wernickes or moderate thiamine deficiency?
mental disturbance
unsteady gait, uncoordinated eye movement
congestive heart failure
What are two groups of people that are suscpeptible to thiamine deficiency?
- dependent on polished rice
2. alcoholics
What is the difference btwn dry and wet beriberi?
dry - muscle weakness, polyneurapathy, heart failure
wet - pitting edemia, polyneuropathy, heart failure
What is riboflavin a precursor for?
FAD and FMN
what are symptoms of riboflavin deficiency?
- rash around nose
- inflammed mouth and tongue
- burning and itchy eyes, light sensitivity
What is niacin a precursor for?
NAD and NADP
What occurs as a result of niacin deficiency?
pellagra
-dermatitis, diarrhea, mental symptoms
Who is suceptible to niacin deficiency?
people with corn based diets
What is biotin a coenzyme for?
carboxylases
What weird thing can cause biotin deficiency?
eating a lot of raw eggs - avidin soaks it up
What is panthothenic acid a precursor for?
coA
What is pyroxidine a precursor for?
PLP
involved in:
glycogen breakdown
synthesis of GABA, heme
what are the symptoms of pyroxidine deficienncy?
mild - irritability, nervousness, depression
severe - neuropathy, convulsions, dec glucose tolerance
