Vitamins Flashcards
What distinguishes vitamins from minerals?
• A. Vitamins are inorganic compounds
• B. Vitamins are organic compounds containing carbon
• C. Vitamins provide direct energy
• D. Vitamins are stored in bones
B
Which of the following is true about vitamins?
• A. They can be synthesized in sufficient amounts by the human body
• B. They are only found in animal-based foods
• C. They play essential roles in chemical reactions in the body
• D. They function as structural components of bones
C
How are vitamins classified?
• A. Based on their nitrogen content
• B. By their ability to provide energy
• C. As either water-soluble or fat-soluble
• D. By their role in protein synthesis only
C
Which elements can vitamins contain besides carbon and hydrogen?
• A. Only oxygen
• B. Only phosphorus and sulfur
• C. Nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and other elements
• D. None, as vitamins only contain carbon and hydrogen
C
Why must vitamins be obtained from the diet?
* A. The body cannot produce them at all or in sufficient amounts
* B. They are destroyed by the liver if synthesized internally
* C. The body only uses vitamins from external sources
* D. They are stored indefinitely in the body
A
Which vitamins are fat-soluble?
* A. A, B, C, and D
* B. A, D, E, and K
* C. B1, B2, B6, and C
* D. C, D, E, and K
B
What must happen for vitamins bound to proteins to be absorbed?
* A. They must be phosphorylated
* B. They must be detached from the proteins
* C. They must be converted to fat-soluble form
* D. They must be stored in adipose tissue first
B
Which of the following is the active form of Vitamin A that regulates gene expression?
* A. Retinol
* B. Retinal
* C. Retinoic acid
* D. Carotene
C
Vitamin A is essential for which of the following functions?
* A. Iron absorption
* B. Vision and phototransduction
* C. Glucose metabolism
* D. DNA synthesis
B
Vitamin A deficiency may result in:
* A. Night blindness and zerophthalmia
* B. Beriberi
* C. Rickets
* D. Scurvy
A
The active form of Vitamin D is called:
* A. Calcitonin
* B. Cholecalciferol
* C. Calcitriol
* D. Ergocalciferol
C
Vitamin D assists in all of the following except:
* A. Calcium absorption
* B. Bone Health
* C. Red blood cell production
* D. Cell differentiation
C
Vitamin D toxicity may cause:
* A. Anemia
* B. Hypercalcemia
* C. Night blindness
* D. Liver failure
B
Vitamin E primarily functions as a(n):
* A. Blood clotting factor
* B. Antioxidant
* C. Bone growth promoter
* D. Coenzyme in DNA synthesis
B
A deficiency of Vitamin E can cause:
* A. Rickets
* B. Hemolytic anemia and neurological issues
* C. Xerophthalmia
* D. Beriberi
B
Vitamin K is crucial; for:
* A. Collagen synthesis
* B. Vision adjustment
* C. Blood clotting activation
* D. Immune function enhancement
C
Which form of Vitamin K is produced by bacteria in the gut?
* A. K1 (phylloquinone)
* B. MK-7 (menaquinone-7)
* C. Menadione
* D. K3
B
Vitamin C enhances absorption which mineral?
* A. Calcium
* B. Iodine
* C. Iron
* D. Zinc
C
A deficiency in Vitamin C can result in:
* A. Pellagra
* B. Scurvy
* C. Rickets
* D. Osteomalacia
B
Vitamin C is destroyed by:
* A. Heat and light
* B. Cold and acids
* C. Water and oil
* D. Protein and fiber
A
Vitamin B1 plays a role in:
* A. Blood clotting
* B. Sodium channel regulation and nerve transmission
* C. Oxygen transport
* D. Vision
B
Deficiency of Vitamin B1 can lead to:
* A. Rickets
* B. Beriberi
* C. Pellagra
* D. Scurvy
B
Riboflavin (B2) is primarily needed for:
* A. Blood clotting
* B. DNA synthesis
* C. Carbohydrate and fat metabolism
* D. Iron absorption
C
What condition is caused by riboflavin deficiency?
* A. Ariboflavinosis
* B. Pellagra
* C. Scurvy
* D. Beriberi
A
Niacin deficiency results in:
* A. Anemia
* B. Pellagra
* C. Rickets
* D. Night blindness
B
Niacin toxicity may cause:
* A. Flushing of the skin
* B. Hemolytic anemia
* C. Scurvy
* D. Nerve demyelination
A
Vitamin B6 is vital for:
* A. Vision and phototransduction
* B. Fat metabolism
* C. Amino acid metabolism and heme synthesis
* D. Calcium absorption
C
A symptom of Vitamin B6 toxicity is:
* A. Kidney stones
* B. Nerve damage
* C. Hypercalcemia
* D. Blindness
B
Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause:
* A. Hemolytic anemia
* B. Scurvy
* C. Pernicious anemia and neurological damage
* D. Rickets
C
Broccoli and kale are rich in vitamin C; therefore, what cellular processes can be supported by the ingestion of these foods?
* A. Iron absorption in the gut
* B. Quenching of free radicals
* C. All options are correct
* D. DNA synthesis
* E. Collagen synthesis
What is 1,25-OHD3?
* A. Vitamin D3 after undergoing hydroxylations in the liver and kidney
* B. Provitamin D produced in the skin
* C. Calcitriol formed in the gut
* D. Precursor of vitamin D
* E. The inactive form of vitamin D3 in the circulation
Which below are features of folate?
* A. The monoglutamate form requires digestion prior to absorption in the gut
* B. Used as a supplement to prevent egg white injury
* C. All options are correct
* D. Along with vitamin B12, it promotes the conversion of homocysteine into methionine
* E. It is part of Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
- Choose the correct statement below
* A. The acidity of the stomach helps with the absorption of nonheme iron
* B. Protein R is secreted into the bloodstream to carry vitamin B12
* C. Vitamin B12 degradation is prevented by intrinsic factor in the stomach
* D. Vitamin B12 enters the bloodstream bound to intrinsic factor
* E. The stomach releases chyme immediately when food enters the stomach
- Which statement below is correct?
* A. The liver contains the highest amount of stored vitamin B12 in the body
* B.Transcobalamin II is degraded inside of the cell and cobalamin is released
* C. Methylcobalamin is active as a coenzyme in humans
* D. All options are correct
* E. Cobalamin is the anti-pernicious anemia factor
