Digestive System Flashcards
What is the primary function of the digestive system?
• A. To eliminate toxins from the body
• B. To break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste
• C. To regulate body temperature
• D. To filter the blood
B
Which organ is not directly involved in digestion?
• A. Liver
• B. Heart
• C. Pancreas
• D. Stomach
B
What type of digestion begins in the mouth?
• A. Mechanical only
• B. Chemical only
• C. Both mechanical and chemical
• D. Neither mechanical nor chemical
C
Which enzyme is responsible for starting carbohydrate digestion in the mouth?
• A. Pepsin
• B. Amylase
• C. Lipase
• D. Trypsin
B
What is the function of gastric juice in the stomach?
• A. To neutralize stomach acids
• B. To break down food mechanically
• C. To acidify the stomach for enzyme activation and kill bacteria
• D. To absorb nutrients
C
What is the semi-liquid substance formed in the stomach after digestion?
• A. Bile
• B. Bolus
• C. Chyme
• D. Mucus
C
What is the primary site for digestion and absorption of nutrients?
• A. Stomach
• B. Small intestine
• C. Large intestine
• D. Esophagus
B
Which section of the small intestine is responsible for most nutrient absorption?
• A. Duodenum
• B. Jejunum
• C. Ileum
• D. Colon
B
What is the role of bile in digestion?
• A. It breaks down carbohydrates
• B. It emulsifies fats
• C. It neutralizes stomach acid
• D. It digests proteins
B
Which nutrient is absorbed by the lymphatic system instead of the bloodstream?
• A. Proteins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Fats
• D. Vitamins
C
What is the function of microvilli in the small intestine?
• A. To break down proteins
• B. To protect the intestine from acid
• C. To increase surface area for absorption
• D. To transport nutrients to the liver
C
What is the primary function of the large intestine?
• A. Absorb nutrients
• B. Store bile
• C. Absorb water and electrolytes
• D. Digest proteins
C
The first half of the large intestine primarily:
• A. Absorbs water
• B. Stores fecal matter
• C. Breaks down proteins
• D. Absorbs bile
A
Which vitamin is produced by bacteria in the large intestine?
• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin K
• D. Vitamin D
C
Probiotic bacteria in the gut are beneficial because they:
• A. Promote a healthy digestive system
• B. Increase stomach acid
• C. Decrease immune function
• D. Reduce water absorption
A
What are prebiotics?
• A. Harmful bacteria that cause disease
• B. Digestive enzymes
• C. Food components that support bacterial growth
• D. A type of carbohydrate
C
What is the main function of the liver in digestion?
• A. To store digestive enzymes
• B. To produce bile
• C. To neutralize stomach acid
• D. To digest carbohydrates
B
What causes gallstones to form?
• A. Excessive bile production
• B. Supersaturation of bile with cholesterol
• C. High levels of stomach acid
• D. A lack of probiotics
B
Which organ produces insulin to regulate blood sugar?
• A. Liver
• B. Pancreas
• C. Gallbladder
• D. Stomach
B
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for fat digestion?
• A. Amylase
• B. Trypsin
• C. Pancreatic lipase
• D. Pepsin
C
Which part of the digestive system receives pancreatic secretions to aid in digestion?
• A. Stomach
• B. Large intestine
• C. Duodenum
• D. Gallbladder
C
With regards to the formation of gallstones, which statement below is correct?
* A. It is formed when bile becomes supersaturated with triglycerides and cholesterol.
* B. It impairs the ability of the liver to produce bile and cause choledocholithiasis in the pancreatic duct.
* C. It blocks the flow of bile from the liver to the gallbladder and causes choledocholotiasis
* D. Are crystaline-like structure formed by calcium, bilirubin, phospholipids and other compounds.
* E. None of the above
E
Regarding enterocytes, which option below is correct?
* A. Are replaced by goblet cells approximately every 3 to 5 days.
* B. Contains a brush border where digestive enzymes are mostly found.
* C. Cover the surface of the small and large intestine.
* D. Absorb H2O and release it in the lymphatics.
* E. All of the above
B
With regard to enterocytes, which option below is correct?
Choose the correct statement below
* A. Are cells that control water and Na+ absorption in the lumen of the large intestine.
* B. Provide a barrier between the lumen of the entire digestive system and the blood.
* C. Play a major role in the digestion of amylopectin and absorption of its components.
* D. Without them, the intestine would absorb all nutrients indiscriminately
* E. None of the above
B
Choose the correct statement below.
* A. Most water absorption takes place in the descending colon of the large intestine.
* B. SGLT1 is the main glucose transporter in the small intestine.
* C. Peristaltic waves allow the stomach to stimulate the pancreas to release pancreatic juice.
* D. The brush border is formed on the apical membrane of enterocytes.
* E. None of the above
D
Which statement below is correct?
* A. Most HCL is released in the stomach during the cephalic and intestinal phases.
* B. Pepsinogen is the active protease in the stomach.
* C. Parietal/oxyntic and chief/zymogenic cells are found in the gastric pits.
* D. The flow of chyme towards the pyloric canal is determined by oxyntic cells.
* E. Gastrin stimulates HCL release by acting in the paracrine manner.
C
What are the functions liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, respectively?
* A. Bile production, bile storage, and release of fully active proteases.
* B. Production of mucus, bile, and pancreatic juice
* C. Production of bile, storage and release of bile, and production of zymogens
* D. Release of bicarbonate, activation of digestive enzymes, and production of lipase
* E. Storage of bile, production of mucus, release of pancreatic juice
