Minerals Flashcards
What distinguishes minerals from other nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?
• A. They are organic substances
• B. They are inorganic substances
• C. They provide direct energy to the body
• D. They are synthesized by the body
B
Which of the following is not a function of minerals?
• A. Supporting enzymatic activities
• B. Transporting oxygen
• C. Providing energy directly
• D. Maintaining fluid balance
C
Which of the following is a macromineral?
• A. Iron
• B. Zinc
• C. Calcium
• D. Iodine
C
What is the primary function of microminerals in the body?
• A. They serve as major structural components of bones
• B. They regulate enzymatic and physiological processes
• C. They are used for energy production
• D. They replace water in cells
B
Which of the following minerals is classified as a micromineral?
• A. Magnesium
• B. Sodium
• C. Fluoride
• D. Phosphorus
C
Which of the following is true about minerals?
* A. They are organic compounds broken down during digestion
* B. They are destroyed by heat and light
* C. They are inorganic and stable under heat, light, and chemical exposure
* D. They contain carbon and hydrogen
C
Minerals play a role in all of the following except:
* A. Nerve impulse transmission
* B. Protein coding in DNA
* C. Fluid balance regulation
* D. Muscle contraction
B
Macro minerals require a daily intake of at least:
* A. 10 mg
* B. 50 mg
* C. 100 mg
* D. 1000 mg
C
Which of the following is a micromineral?
* A. Calcium
* B. Phosphorus
* C. Sodium
* D. Zinc
D
Approximately how much calcium is in the human body?
* A. 100g
* B. 1.4kg
* C. 700mg
* D. 2kg
B
Calcium absorption primarily occurs in the:
* A. Stomach
* B. Large intestine
* C. Small intestine
* D. Kidneys
C
Which hormone increases calcium absorption when plasma levels are low?
* A. Calcitonin
* B. Insulin
* C. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
* D. thyroxine
C
What is the recommended daily intake of calcium for women over 50?
* A. 800mg
* B. 1000mg
* C. 1200mg
* D. 2000mg
C
Which of the following enhances calcium absorption?
* A. Fiber
* B. Oxalates
* C. Vitamin D
* D. Phytates
C
Symptoms of calcium deficiency include:
* A. Hypothyroidism
* B. Rickers and tetany
* C. Night blindness
* D. Hyperactivity
B
Where is iodine primarily concentrated in the body?
* A. Liver
* B. Thyroid gland
* C. Kidney
* D. Pancreas
B
What is the main function of iodine in the body?
* A. Collagen synthesis
* B. Oxygen transport
* C. Thyroid hormone synthesis
* D. Blood clotting
C
Which of the following is a symptom of iodine deficiency?
* A. Osteoporosis
* B. Cretinism
* C. Anemia
* D. Kidney stones
B
The RDA for iodine in adults is:
* A. 50 ug/day
* B. 100 ug/day
* C. 150 ug/day
* D. 200 ug/day
C
Which of the following is NOT a dietary source of iodine?
* A. Iodized salt
* B. Seafood
* C. broccoli
* D. Cheese
C
Most of the body’s iron is found in:
* A. Liver enzymes
* B. Hemoglobin in red blood cells
* C. Bone marrow
* D. Kidneys
B
Which form of iron is more efficiently absorbed by the body?
* A. Nonheme iron
* B. Ferric iron (Fe3+)
* C. Heme iron
* D. Oxidized iron
C
Which of the following enhances iron absorption?
* A. Calcium
* B. Tannins
* C. Vitamin C
* D. Phytates
C
Which protein is the primary transporter of iron in the blood?
* A. Hemoglobin
* B. Ferritin
* C. Transferrin
* D. Myoglobin
C
Copper’s role in iron metabolism is to:
* A. Help in iron storage
* B. cConvert Fe2+ to Fe3+ for transport
* C. Increase absorption in the intestine
* D. Enhance oxygen binding
B
Ferritin is primarily responsible for:
* A. Transporting iron to tissues
* B. Binding calcium for bone growth
* C. Storing iron in tissues
* D. Producing red blood cells
C
The RDA for iron in women aged 19-50 is:
* A. 8 mg/day
* B. 12 mg/day
* C. 18 mg/day
* D. 22 mg/day
C
Symptoms of iron deficiency include all except:
* A. Fatigue
* B. Anemia
* C. Increased infection resistance
* D. Impaired work performance
C
Which mineral is essential for the synthesis of carnitine and collagen?
* A. Calcium
* B. Iron
* C. Iodine
* D. Zinc
B
Which foods and/or dietary factors increase iron absorption by the enterocyte?
- A. Vitamin C, poultry, and fish
- B. Milk and dairy
- C. Vitamin C and tannis
- D. HCl, phytic acid, and beef
- E. HCl, vitamin C, tannis, poultry
Which statement below is incorrect?
* A. Parathyroid hormone stimulates the formation of 25-OHD3
* B. Calcium transporter 1 and calbindin content and active are calcitriol-dependent
* C. Calcium absorption by enterocytes is regulated by circulating calcium
* D. The release of parathyroid hormone is determined by circulating calcium levels
* E. Calcitriol and parathyroid hormone reduce circulating calcium
What are considered chelators in nutrition?
* A. Complexes formed between fiber and bile that escape retupatke by the enterohepatic circulation and end up excreated in feces
* B. Elements that bond and impair the absorption of nutrients in the gut
* C. Minerals that disperse micelles in the gut
* D. Inorganic matter that is eliminated in the feces after digestion of food
e. Compounds that enhance absorption of iron and calcium in the gut
Which statements below are correct?
* A. Phytate and oxalate enhance calcium absorption by the gut
* B. Absorption of vitamin C is directly proportional to its dietary intake
* C. Dietary iodine exists in the free and organified forms
* D. Enlarged thyroid is a symptom of too much dietary organified iodine
* E. ADH and MEOS contribute equally to alcohol metabolism in the liver
Choose the correct statement below
* A. The bioavailability of iron in the GI tract is enhanced by chelators
* B. The absorption of heme-containing iron takes place in the ileum and jejunum
* C. Heme and nonheme iron refer to the valence of this mineral
* D. Just a small amount of iron in the body is found in nonheme enzymes
* E. Most iron found in the human body is within myoglobin in the skeletal muscles
Which statement below is correct?
* A. The active transport of calcium in the gut is mostly calcitriol-dependent
* B. Calcium is mostly absorbed in the intestine by diffusion
* C. Calcitonin stimulates parathyroid hormone secretion
* D. All options are correct
Which statement below is correct?
* A. It is ionized form of calcium that is absorbed by enterocytes
* B. Low and high levels of circulating calcium stimulate inhibit calcitonin and PTH, respectively.
* C. Calcitonin and calcitriol act synergistically to promote bone resorption
* D. Intestinal absorption of calcium is increased by oxalic and phytic acids
* E. None of the above
