Vitamins Flashcards
1
Q
Function, Source, Toxicity, Deficiency
Vitamin C
A
- Function: antioxidant, coenzyme, wound healing, collagen formation, enhances absorption of nonheme iron
- Sources: fruits and vegetables
- Effects of toxicity: cramps, diarrhea, kidney stones, gout
- Effects of deficiency: Scurvy, gingivitis, poor wound healthy
2
Q
Function, Source, Toxicity, Deficiency
Thiamin (B1)
A
- Function: coenzyme (energy metabolism)
- Sources: lean pork, whole/enriched grains/flours, legumes, seeds, nuts
- Effects of toxicity: nontoxic
- Effects of deficiency: beriberi, Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
3
Q
Function, Source, Toxicity, Deficiency
Folate (B9)
A
- Function: coenzyme, proper formation of neural tubes (spina bifida)
- Sources: leafy greens, legumes, some fruits, fortified cereal grains
- Effects of toxicity: may mask cobalamin (B12) deficiency
- Effects of deficiency: risk with conditions that increase cell division, limited food intake, chronic alcohol ingestion
4
Q
Function, Source, Toxicity, Deficiency
Cobalamin (B12)
A
- Function: DNA/RNA synthesis coenzyme, metabolism of fatty and amino acids, develops myelin sheaths
- Sources: only animal-derived foods
- Effects of toxicity: unknown
- Effects of deficiency: megaloblastic or pernicious anemia, may be masked by folate levels
5
Q
Function, Source, Toxicity, Deficiency
Vitamin A
A
- Function: maintain skin and mucous membranes, vision, bone growth, immune system function, normal reproduction
- Sources: natural and preformed whole milk and butter, liver, egg yolks, fatty fish
- Effects of toxicity: Hypervitaminosis A, Bone defects, Birth defects
- Effects of deficiency: Keratinization, Xerophthalmia, Keratomalacia
6
Q
Function, Source, Toxicity, Deficiency
Vitamin D
A
- Function: absorption of Ca and P
- Sources: Body synthesis from sun, butter, egg yolks, fatty fish, liver, fortified milk
- Effects of toxicity: MOST TOXIC, Hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria
- Effects of deficiency: rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, increased CAD, arthritis, cancers, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis
7
Q
Function, Source, Toxicity, Deficiency
Vitamin K
A
- Function: cofactor in synthesis of blood-clotting factors, protein formation in bone, kidneys, and plasma
- Sources: bacteria in GI, dark leafy greens, less in dairy, cereals, meats, fruits
- Effects of toxicity: decreases effectiveness of anticoagulants and may increase stroke risk
- Effects of deficiency: Malabsorption disorders, inhibits blood coagulation, osteoporosis?
8
Q
Which vitamin interferes with Warfarin (Coumadin)?
A
Vitamin K
9
Q
Which nutrient’s metabolism is affected by Isoniazid (INH)?
A
Vitamin B6
10
Q
Which micronutrients aid with wound healing?
A
Vitamins A, C, and E
11
Q
Fat Soluble Vitamins
A
Vitamins A, D, E, K
12
Q
Water Soluble Vitamins
A
Vitamin B, Vitamin C
