Cardiopulmonary Diseases

Question 1

Atherosclerosis

Answer 1

Chronic inflammatory process with darmage to the arterial wall

Question 2

Conditions that are consequencrees of atherosclerosis

Answer 2

• angina pectoris
• Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
• coronary artery diseases
• CVA

Question 3

Role of LDL in cardiovascular risk

Answer 3

Elevated LDL levels contribute to the buildup of plaque in the arteries

Question 4

Role of HDL in cardiovascular disease

Answer 4

Counteracts detrimental, proinflammatory effects of LDL; seeks out LDL and removes it from body

Question 5

Risk factors for elevated triglyceride levels

Answer 5

Chronic alcohol intake, overweight & obese, sedentary, cigarette smoking, T2DM

Question 6

Modifiable risk factors

Answer 6

factors that can be changed through lifestyle choices or interventions

i.e. diet, exercise

Question 7

non-modifiable risk factors

Answer 7

factors that cannot be changes such as age or genetics

Question 8

Lifestyle changes to reduce CVD risk

Answer 8

weight control, increased physical activity, stop smoking, decrease potassium, magnesium, and calcium intake

Question 9

AHA Exercise recommendations for cardiovascular health

Answer 9

• 150 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity/week
• 75 minutes of vigorous intensity physical activity/week
• At least 2 days of moderate to high intensity muscle strengthening activities

Question 10

Dietary changes to reduce CVD risk

Answer 10

Vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, low-fat dairy and poultry, fish/seafood, non-tropical vegetable oils
limit intake of saturated and trans fats, sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages, and red meats

Question 11

Lifestyle changes for HTN

Answer 11

weight loss, decrease alcohol intake, stop smoking, increasing physical activity

Question 12

Diet for HTN

Answer 12

DASH diet (rich in fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy), decrease sodium, increase potassium, magnesium, and calcium

Question 13

Nutrition therapy for heart failure

Answer 13

restriction of dietary sodium, fluid restriction, high fiber foods, omega-3 fatty acids, small-frequent meals

Question 14

Nutrition goals for clients with Cardiac Cachexia

Answer 14

adequate protein energy to maintain weight, may need enteral or parenteral nutrition

Question 15

Strategy for food intake to decrease SOB in COPD patients

Answer 15

high fat low carb ratios, 4 to 6 small meals a day

Question 16

Importance of energy conservation during meals for patients with COPD

Answer 16

Clients with COPD produce CO2 and water when each type of macronutrient is metabolized which may leave patient SOB

Question 17

Nutrition Therapy for patients with Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 17

Energy needs based on BMR, activity level, lung function, and fat absorption. Fat, normal dietary sodium, fat-soluble multivitamins, probiotics