Nutrition Assessment & Care Flashcards
Basic nutrition screening performed by nurses
- decreased appetite
- unintentional weight loss
- age and medical Hx
- hydration status
- illness severity
primary nutrient deficiency
inadequate intake of nutrients
secondary nutrient deficiency
caused by disease, internal process, or iatrogenic effects
risks for malnutrition
- reduced food intake
- impaired digestion and absorption
- altered nutrient metabolism and excretion
How Symptoms and effects of illness contribute to malnutrition
Anorexia
nausea/vomitting, pain eating, inability to feed oneself
How Symptoms and effects of illness contribute to malnutrition
Inflammation
insufficent secretion of digestive enzymes, altered structure of function of intestinal mucosa
How Symptoms and effects of illness contribute to malnutrition
elevated metabolic rate
muscle wasting, changes in hydration, nutrient losses due to excessive bleeding
Anthropometric measures
simple, noninvasive technique to measure height, weight, head circumference, and skinfold thickness
Functional assesment
can they eat? chew? swallow? cut food? manipulate utensils? GI function?
laboratory data
can help determine nutrient status in early stages of illness
serum albumin, prealbumin, total lymphocyte count
How to calculate BMI?
(weight in lbs x 703) / (height in inches)squared
BMI value interpretation
- less than 18.5: underweight
- 18.5-24.9: Normal
- 25-29.9: overweight
- 30+: obese
Advantages/Disadvantages
24 hour recall
+: quick, doesn’t depent on literacy, doesn’t influence food choices
-: relies on memory, answers can be omitted, under/overestimation
Advantages/Disadvantages
Food Frequency Questionnaire
+: long term intake, doesn’t influence food intake, cheap
-: relies on memory, includes common foods only, calculations may not be accurate
Advantages/Disadvantages
Food Record:
+: doesn’t rely on memory, improves accuracy of data, increases awareness of food choices
-: influences food intake, underreporting is common, time-consuming, requires literacy
Advantages/Disadvantages
Direct Observation
+: doesn’t rely on memory, doesn’t influence food intake, used to evaluate acceptability of prescribed diet
-: possible only in residential situations, labor intensive
S&S of malnutrition noted on physical exam
- muscle loss
- fat loss
- fluid retention
- changes in skin
- cheilosis
- glossitis
cheilosis
inflammation of the muscous membrane of the mouth and lips caused by deficiencies of riboflavin and other B vitamins
glossitis
inflammation of the tongue
Rationale for modified diets
helps identify patients at nutritional risk
Food Allergy vs Sensitivity
Allergies stimulate an immune response while Sensitivities do not cause immune/anaphylactic response no matter how much is ingested
