Vitamins

Question 1

Do measurements of vitamin levels in the blood relate more to recent intake or to overall body status?

Answer 1

recent intake

Question 2

___________ act as coenzymes in many metabolic pathways.

Answer 2

water-soluble vitamins (B-vitamins)

Question 3

Does the body have storage capacity for water-soluble vitamins? What is the exception?

Answer 3

It has NO storage capacity for water-soluble vitamins. EXCEPT B12

Question 4

Evidence is emerging that suggests an excess of some _________ can be toxic.

Answer 4

B vitamins

Question 5

Most vitamins are __________ before they become active.

Answer 5

modified

Question 6

B-Vitamins are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in different types of reactions.
Name the reactions for each:
B1
B2/B3
B6
Biotin
Folic Acid/B12

Answer 6

coenzymes

B1 = carboxylations
B2/B3 - oxidoreductases
B6 - transaminases
Biotin - carboxylases
Folic Acid/B12 - single carbon transfers

Question 7

Lack of _________ causes angular stomatitis.

Answer 7

riboflavin

Question 8

Lack of riboflavin causes _________ _________.

Answer 8

angular stomatitis

Question 9

Eating raw egg whites can cause _______ deficiency.

Answer 9

Biotin

Question 10

_________ is needed, indirectly, for DNA synthesis

Answer 10

Folic Acid

Question 11

Folic acid is needed, indirectly, for ____ ________.

Answer 11

DNA snythesis

Question 12

Inhibitors of folate reduction are used as ________ (trimethoprim) and _______ ________ (methotrexate)

Answer 12

antibiotics (trimethoprim) 
cancer therapy (methotrexate)

Question 13

There is an _______ demand for _____ ____ during pregnancy.

Answer 13

increased; folic acid

Question 14

____________ is one of the most common vitamin deficiencies

Answer 14

folic acid deficiency

Question 15

The functions of ___ & _____ _____ are interrelated

Answer 15

B12 & folic acid

Question 16

B12 is concentrated in the _____

Answer 16

liver

Question 17

Vit C deficiency causes ______ resulting in defective collagen synthesis.

Answer 17

scurvy

Question 18

_____ deficiency causes scurvy resulting in ________ ________ ________.

Answer 18

Vit C; defective collagen synthesis

Question 19

Lack of vitamin C also impairs ______ _____

Answer 19

immune function

Question 20

___________ are not as readily absorbed as __________, but can be stored in _______.

Answer 20

fat-soluble vitamins
water-soluble vitamins
tissues

Question 21

Some fat-soluble vitamins (___&___) can be toxic in excess.

Answer 21

A & D

Question 22

Vit A is _______ and should be avoided during pregnancy.

Answer 22

teratogenic

Question 23

______ ____ is a signaling molecule that interacts with ligand-activated transcription factors.

Answer 23

Retinoic Acid

Question 24

Retinoic Acid is a signaling molecule that interacts with ________-______ __________ _______.

Answer 24

ligand-activated transcription factors

Question 25

deficiency of vit A causes ______ _______.

Answer 25

night blindness

Question 26

Vit D regulates _______ and ___________ homeostasis.

Answer 26

calcium & phosphorus

Question 27

The majority of Vit D is produced by _______

Answer 27

UV exposure of skin

Question 28

People in northern climates have a difficule time getting sufficient ______ in the winter

Answer 28

Vit D

Question 29

Deficiency of Vit D causes ____ with increases susceptibility to _______.

Answer 29

demineralization of bones; fractures

Question 30

Vit D deficiency is link to early childhood ______

Answer 30

caries

Question 31

_____________ is link to early childhood caries

Answer 31

Vit D deficiency

Question 32

___________ is necessary for blood coagulation

Answer 32

Vit K

Question 33

Draw the structure of lactic acid.

Answer 33

ok