Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics

Question 1

There are _________ bases of the human genome, but only _________ - ________ protein-coding genes

Answer 1

3 billion bases

20K-25K protein-coding genes

Question 2

Alternative _________ and alternative ____ ________ result in 4-6 different mRNAs from a single gene.

Answer 2

splicing & gene promoters

Question 3

Alternative splicing and alternative gene promoters result in # - # different ______ from a single gene

Answer 3

4-6 mRNAs from a single gene

Question 4

The number of protein-coding mRNAs (____________) may be as large as #

Answer 4

transcriptome

100K

Question 5

The original Human Genome Project used “________” and “_____” approaches for sequencing.

Answer 5

clone-by-clone

shotgun

Question 6

There are ______ gaps remaining in the Human genome (compared to 150,000 in draft)

Answer 6

250

Question 7

Since the completion of the human genome, sequencing capacity has increased dramatically while costs have declined.

Answer 7

ok

Question 8

SNPs or __________ __________ ____________ are mapped base positions in the genome where the nucleotide varies among people.

Answer 8

single nucleotide polymorphisms

Question 9

Companies (e.g. 23 and me) are offering full genome scans to people for less than $100. This analysis is based on

Answer 9

SNP - single nucleotide polymorphisms

Question 10

Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA) can be used for prenatal screening for early detection of chromosomal defects. What is it exactly?

Answer 10

Labeled DNA hybridized to array of several million oligonucleotide on chips.

Question 11

______________ = complement of mRNAs, containing protein-coding sequences, but there are also other RNAs produced that play structural or regulatory functions (miRNA, siRNA, etc.)

Answer 11

Transcriptome

Question 12

The transcriptome can be studied using ________, a collection of complementary (cDNA) made from mRNA or ______ ________ arranged on a solid phasae slide in a defined order.

Answer 12

microarrays

synthetic oligonucleotides

Question 13

Generally, several ________ _____ per gene are used in microarrays.

Answer 13

oligonucleotide probes

Question 14

Two samples can be compared by labeling each with a different fluorescent dye and ___________ them to the same array. (e.g. Two-color arrays can compare normal and cancer cells.)

Answer 14

hybridizing

Question 15

With advances in sequencing technology, RNAseq or sequencing the entire compliment of RNA in a sample is rapidly replacing microarray approaches

Answer 15

ok

Question 16

Data analysis is ________ intensive and requires stringent ________ ________.

Answer 16

bioinfomatics

statistical analysis

Question 17

_____________ is the study of the protein complement of a cell.

Answer 17

proteomics

Question 18

___________ ___________ is the analysis of protein profiled from two or more samples (e.g. diseased v. healthy cells) to identify quantitative differences that could be responsible for observed _________.

Answer 18

comparative proteomics

phenotypes

Question 19

Proteomics can identify ___ ______ that cannot be detected by _______ analysis.

Answer 19

posttranslational modifications

transcriptome analysis

Question 20

Proteins can be separated by two dimensional __________(PAGE) or by _________ (FPLC, HPLC)

Answer 20

polyacrylamide gel electrophoresisliquid chromatography

Question 21

proteins can be _______ by PAGE, FPLC, or HPLC

Answer 21

separated

Question 22

Proteins are identified by ______ ___________.

Answer 22

mass spectrometry

Question 23

Proteins are _________ by mass spectrometry

Answer 23

identified

Question 24

_______________ is the ID and quantification of steady-state levels of intracellular metabolites (sugars, amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, etc.)

Answer 24

Metabolomics

Question 25

Because the technology to identify every metabolite in a biological sample is not available, ________ ________ is often carried out, where a few specific metabolites are measured.

Answer 25

targeted metabolomics