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Certified Nutrition Specialist > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most useful lab to assess B12 status?

A

MMA

Methylmalonic Acid
Serum or urine

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2
Q

At a high level, B vitamins are cofactors for what 2 things?

A

Energy production
Red blood cell production

Energy production =
*turning carbs into glucose
*metabolizing fats and proteins

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3
Q

KEDAC is an pneumonic for what?

A

Fat Soluble Vitamin Deficiency

Think Kodak, but misspelled to
KEDAC

He Steals the Rickshaw at Night Sky

K – Hemorarhage
E – Sterility (fertility?)
D – Rickets
A – Night blindness
C – Scurvy

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4
Q

Cracked floor visualization is for what?

A

B vitamin deficiencies

Beri Cracks the Floor Playing with Papan

Thiamin – Beri beri
Riboflavin – Cracks in lips/mouth
Niacin – Pellagra (play/pellagra)
Pantothenic Acid – Paresthesia (pins/needles/acne
Pyroxidine - Anemia (microcytic)
Folate – Anemia (macrocytic)
Cobalamin – Anemia

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5
Q

What are the 3D’s of B3?

A

Diarrhea
Dementia
Dermatitis

Death if it goes far enough

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6
Q

How to differentiate between B9 and B12 deficiency

A

B9
no neuro symptoms
MMA normal

B12
neuro symptoms
MMA elevated
takes years to develop

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7
Q

Major Function of Vitamin E

A

Anti-oxidant

others include

*protects against membrane per oxidation (membranes of RBC, muscles, nerves, retina)
*synthesis of CoQ10
*Synthesis of RNA/DNA

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8
Q

When you think of excessive bleeding, you think of what micronutrients?

A

Vitamin K and E

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9
Q

Functions of Vitamin E vs Deficiency of Vitamin E

A

Protects membranes against peroxidation

RBCs / Hemolyis
Muscles / Muscular dystrophy
Nerves. / Neuropathy
Retina. / Retinopathy

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10
Q

These nutrients interact with Warfarin

A

K
E

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11
Q

How are K and E partners vitamins

A

They kind of work opposite of each other

K def = bleeding
K tox = hemolytic anemia

E def = hemolytic anemia
E tox = bleeding

Vitamin E can interfere with K

K is trying to boost gamma-carboxylation

E is trying to inhibit gamma-carboxylation

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12
Q

Sources of vitamin E

A

think oils

seeds like sunflower seeds, almonds, hazelnuts

also tomato, avocado, spinach, asparagus, swiss chard

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13
Q

Vitamin A deficiency is often found alongside this mineral deficiency

A

Iron

supplementing with A in iron-deficiency anemia has better outcomes

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14
Q

Fetal brain development think of these micronutrients

A

Folate
Choline

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15
Q

Plant sources of B12

A

shitake mushrooms
nori
tempeh (but not soy, comes form the fermentation)

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16
Q

When you think of B5, think of these things (3)

A

Everywhere
Liver
any place CoA thank B5

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17
Q

Therapeutic/prescription dose of niacin

(what’s it used for?)

A

6,000 mg

hyperlipidemia

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18
Q

Thiamin Meal

Who is it for?
What are they eating?

A

Alcoholic that has beriberi

Acorn squash stuffed with ground pork, rice, and sunflower seeds

1.2 and 1.1

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19
Q

Riboflavin Meal

Who is it for?
What are they eating?

A

Client with sore and inflamed tongue and mouth

Beef liver and mushroom pate

or

Oatmeal with almond butter

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20
Q

Niacin Meal

Who is it for?
What are they eating?

A

Pellagra (3D’s of B3)
Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia

keeping with the D theme, we are going to dice things up and make a salad

Chix/turkey breast or tuna salad with a side of bird seed/nuts (sunflower, pumpkin, peanut)

The seagull from picmonic, think yummy…poultry

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21
Q

Pantothenic Acid Meal (fact check)

Who is it for?
What are they eating?

A

Adrenaline junky (think picmonic)

Beef liver and Shitake mushroom pate

or

Pellagra

Bluefin tuna fish salad with eggs and greek yogurt/avocado on pita bread

(pita and pellagra)

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22
Q

Vitamin B6 Meal

Who is it for?
What are they eating?

A

Friend feeling extra irritable since starting birth control

Sushi and homemade banana ‘ice cream’

23
Q

Biotin Meal

Who is it for?
What are they eating?

A

Someone on Abx that notices hair is thinning

Eggs and lox

Scrambled eggs with smoked salmon

(avidin)

24
Q

Folate Meal

Who is it for?
What are they eating?

A

Pregnant woman

Bean salad over mixed greens
Side of asparagus

400 (600 pregnant, 500 lactating, TUL 1000)

25
Q

Vitamin B12 Meal

Who is it for?
What are they eating?

A

Older client

Surf and turf
Seafood buffet

(2.4)
pregnancy 2.6 and lactation 2.8

26
Q

Vitamin C Meal

Who is it for?
What are they eating?

A

Smoker

Brussel Sprout and pepper coleslaw with citrus vinaigrette and fruit salad

(90, 75)
smokers need 35 extra

27
Q

Vitamin A Meal

Who is it for?
What are they eating?

A

Night blindness and/or skin issues

Sweet potato topped with boiled and sautéed spinach, carrots, peppers

Vanilla ice cream with mango

(Can’t see so they accidentally choose all the same color instead of a rainbow)

(900,700 TUL 3000)

27
Q

Vitamin E Meal

Who is it for?
What are they eating?

A

Crohn’s or other fat malabsorption

Trail mix and kiwi

(sunflower seeds, almonds, hazelnuts, peanuts, dried mango)

(15 TUL 1000)

28
Q

Vitamin D Meal

Who is it for?
What are they eating?

A

Someone with bone issues who doesn’t go outside

Salmon, mushroom omelette

Very similar to biotin meal

think to add the mushrooms because mushrooms live in dark places and agoraphobics don’t go outside)

29
Q

Vitamin K Meal

Who is it for?
What are they eating?

A

Not for warfarin

Someone on Abx with malabsorption issues

Natto with a green salad

(120, 90)

30
Q

Liver is high in what nutrients?

A

Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin
Pantothenic acid
B6
Biotin
Folate
Vitamin B12

Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Vitamin C

Choline
Copper
Iron

Not In

Vitamin E

(have not yet gotten to minerals)

31
Q

Choline Meal

Who is it for?
What are they eating?

A

A client MASLD

Eggs with chx sausage and home fries

(550, 425, TUL 3500)

32
Q

What is a niacin equivalent?

A

1 mg NE = 60 mg of tryptophan = 1 mg niacin

33
Q

Functions of folate (2)

A

DNA synthesis
Cell replication

34
Q

Mnemonic to remember where things are absorbed (3)

A

Laundry order

IRON your clothes (duodenum) (iron)
FOLd them (Jejunum) (folate)
Put in Closet (ileum) (B12)

35
Q

What is the primary site for biosynthesis of niacin from tryptophan?

A

Liver

kynurenine pathway

36
Q

Nutrients that increase during pregnancy

A

Vitamin A - 700 >770
Vitamin C - 75 >85
Thiamin 1.1 > 1.4
Riboflavin 1.1 >1.4
Niacin 14 > 18
Pantothenic Acid
B6
Folate
Vitamin B12

37
Q

Nutrients that increase during lactation

A

Vitamin A - 700 > 770 >1300
Vitamin C - 75 > 85 > 120
Vitamin E - 15 > 15 > 19
Thiamin 1.1 > 1.4 > 1.4
Riboflavin 1.1 >1.4 >1.6

Decreases
Niacin 14 > 18 >17

38
Q

Calorie increases during pregnancy and lactation

A

1st - no increase
2nd - 340
3rd - 450
lactation = 2000-2800

lactating takes 500 calories but recommend less to facilitate weight loss

39
Q

Nutrients that don’t change for pregnancy

A

Electrolytes, Doncha Know!

Sodium
Chloride
Calcium
Phosphorus
Fluoride

Vit D
Vit K

40
Q

What micronutrients are important for Type 2 Diabetes?

A

Chromium
Magnesium
Zinc

Rx depletions of

Folate
B12
Mag

41
Q

What micronutrients are important for the microcytic anemia?

A

Iron
Vitamin A
Copper
Vitamin C

42
Q

What micronutrients are important for the macrocytic anemia?

A

Folate
B12

43
Q

What micronutrients are important for the pernicious anemia?

A

B12

44
Q

When thinking of labs for microcytic anemia think…

A

Low

45
Q

What micronutrients are important for
osteoporosis? (7)

A

Calcium
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Magnesium
Phosphorous
Boron
Vitamin C

Take meds away from supplements

46
Q

What nutrients are important for CVD? (11)

A

Fiber
B6
Folate
B9
B12
Calcium
Magnesium
Omega 3
C
E
Selenium

Account for Rx depletions (dependent on med)

47
Q

Signs and symptoms of B6 deficiency

A

Irritability
Depression
Confusion
Anxiety
Mouth symptoms
Muscle twitching
Headache
Insomnia
seborrheic rash

48
Q

Signs and symptoms of biotin deficiency

A

Hair loss
Dermatitis
Grayish pallor
Unusual fat distribution under skin
Depression
Lethargy
Hallucinations
Tingling in extremities
Numbness
Anorexia
Nausea
Muscle pain
Increased serum cholesterol

49
Q

Signs and symptoms of folate deficiency

A

Headache
Irritability
Difficulty concentrating
Forgetfulness
Heart palpitations
Angular stomatitis
Anorexia
Weight loss

50
Q

Signs and symptoms of B12 deficiency

A

Neurological
GI
Unexplained weight loss
Darkening of skin, hair, nails

51
Q

Nutrient tricks

1+2=3

A

B1, B2, B3 = whole grain sources

Multiples of 3 are fortified in products because they are important for BLOOD building. B6, B9, B12

52
Q

Electrolytes, most common

A

Sunny Places Create Many Cool Bicycle (or beach if you prefer) People

Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
Chloride
Bicarbonates
Phosphorus

Certified Nutrition Specialist (12 decks)

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