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Certified Nutrition Specialist > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Preferred form of iron for best bioavailability

A

Ferrous bisglycinate

chelated forms are better

(find way to know/remember how to identified chelated forms)

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2
Q

Iron and zinc absorption notes (4)

A

need transport protein

can increase absorption when stores
are inadequate

oxalates impair absorption

absorption better in animal foods

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3
Q

Signs and symptoms of calcium deficiency

A

Hypocalcemia (abnormal parathyroid function; abnormal metabolism

Osteoporosis
Depression
Psychosis

Localized pain, tetany, muscle aches

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4
Q

Calcium is regulated by the _____

A

Parathyroid gland

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5
Q

Magnesium is regulated by the ____

A

Kidneys

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6
Q

Magnesium may be helpful in the treatment of ____ (9)

A

Anxiety
Irritability
Insomnia
Muscle cramps
Hypertension
Acute asthma
CVD
Diabetes
Migraines

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7
Q

Signs and symptoms of phosphate deficiency

A

Loss of appetite
Anemia
Muscle weakness
Bone pain/Rickets/Osteomalacia
Increase susceptibility to infection
Numbness and tingling in extremities
Difficulty walking

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8
Q

Iron is regulated by ____

A

Liver
Hepcidin

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9
Q

Signs and symptoms of iron deficiency

A

Fatigue
Increased heart rate/palpitations
Glossitis/angular stomatitis
PICA
Beeturia
Impaired exercise and work capacity
Spoon shaped nails

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10
Q

Signs and symptoms of zinc deficiency

A

White spots on nails
Slow wound healing
Decreased taste and smell
Acne
Increased infection
Hair thinning
Depression, irritability, poor concentration

Delayed growth/development
Delayed sexual maturation
Skin rashes
Chronic, severe diarrhea
Decreased appetite and taste
Night blindness
Behavioral disturbances

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11
Q

Signs and symptoms of selenium toxicity

A

Brittleness/loss of hair/nails
Garlic odor on breath
GI disturbances
Skin rashes
Irritability
Fatigue, depression, lassitude
Nervous system dysfunction

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

What nutrients may interfere with calcium absorption?

A

Oxalates
Phytates

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14
Q

Foods high in oxalates

A

These foods are high in _____.

Spinach
Sweet potato
Beet greens
Dried beans

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15
Q

Phytates can inhibit absorption of this micronutrient.

A

Calcium

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16
Q

Calcium requires this micronutrient for absorption.

A

Vitamin D

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17
Q

What macronutrient may cause urinary excretion of calcium?

A

Protein may cause urinary excretion of ____.

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18
Q

Calcium’s partner nutrient is _____.

A

Magnesium is is the partner nutrient of _____.

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19
Q

Increased excretion of Calcium can be caused by increased levels of _____.

A

Increased levels of sodium can cause increased excretion of _____.

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20
Q

RDA for Calcium

A

Adults 1000 mg
Seniors 1000/1200 mg
Elder seniors 1200 mg

21
Q

Calcium - take with food?

A

Yes

22
Q

Most bioavailable form of calcium (3)

A

Citrate
Malate
Gluconate

23
Q

Least bioavailable form of calcium

A

Carbonate

24
Q

Calcium supplementation dosage

A

no more than 500 mg in single dose

25
Q

What minerals are structural components of bones and teeth? (2)

A

Magnesium
Calcium

26
Q

Iron’s partner nutrient is _____.

A

Copper

Required for normal metabolism of iron and RBC formation

(Think blood tastes metallic)

27
Q

Iron RDA

A

Adult Men - 8 mg
Adult Women - 18 mg
Seniors - 8 mg

28
Q

This mineral may be need to be supplemented in those with IBD due to losses through diarrhea.

A

Zinc

Zinc deficiency can also cause diarrhea, creating self-perpetuating cycle

29
Q

What nutrient helps facilitate transfer of electrons in the electron transport chain…leading to the creation of ATP?

A

Iron

(think…no ATP means no energy…fatigue…lack of iron)

30
Q

When thinking of thyroid think of these micronutrients (3)

A

Iodine
Selenium
Zinc

31
Q

DASH is high in these nutrients that are helpful for regulating blood pressure

A

Calcium
Potassium
Magnesium

32
Q

Wilson’s disease is caused by an accumulation of _____

A

Copper

33
Q

Calcium Meal

Who is it for?
What are they eating?

A

Chovstek and Trousseau’s

Orange-glazed Salmon and broccoli w/ cheese and stinging nettle tea

Osteoporosis

Leafy green salad with sardines, amaranth and orange vinaigrette

Chovstek - abnormal facial twitching
Trousseau’s - carpopedal spasm (hands and feet)

34
Q

Magnesium Meal

Who is it for?
What are they eating

A

Friend who is cranky and crampy with PMS.

Lentil soup with spinach and crusty whole wheat bread. Chocolate covered nut clusters.

35
Q

Potassium Meal

Who is it for?
What are they eating?

A

Client with high blood pressure

Leafy green, tropical fruit salad with avocado

Someone with diarrhea from using too many laxatives

Sweet potato with pecans

If this person does strenuous exercise, add a side of spaghetti

36
Q

Copper Meal

Who is it for?
What are they eating?

A

Someone with prostate cancer taking high levels of zinc

Oyster poboy and FF (air fryer)
Chocolate covered cashews

(Cashews for cancer vs other nuts)

(900, TUL 10,000)

37
Q

Iodine Meal

Who is it for?
What are they eating?

A

Someone with hypothyroid

Sushi with seaweed salad

(150, TUL 1100)

38
Q

Iron Meal

Who is it for?
What are they eating?

A

Someone with anemia

Vegan

Mixed bean soup
Brussel sprout and pepper coleslaw with citrus vinaigrette

Other

Steak with onions and peppers and pickled beets

(8, 18 TUL 45)
(27, 9)

39
Q

Selenium Meal

Who is it for?
What are they eating?

A

Thyroid health or kidney dialysis

Ceviche and Brazil nuts

(55, TUL 400)

40
Q

Zinc Meal

Who is it for?
What are they eating?

A

someone with prostate cancer

Steak stuffed with smoked oysters
Oatmeal and pumpkin seed cookie

(11, 8)

41
Q

RDA Potassium

A

4700

42
Q

RDA Sodium

A

1500 mg

43
Q

RDA Iodine

A

150 mcg

44
Q

TUL Iron

A

45 mg

45
Q

TUL Selenium

A

400 mcg

46
Q

TUL Vitamin A

A

3000 mcg

47
Q

TUL Vitamin E

A

1000 mg

48
Q

TUL Iodine

A

1100 mcg

Certified Nutrition Specialist (12 decks)

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