Minerals

Question 1

Preferred form of iron for best bioavailability

Answer 1

Ferrous bisglycinate

chelated forms are better

(find way to know/remember how to identified chelated forms)

Question 2

Iron and zinc absorption notes (4)

Answer 2

need transport protein

can increase absorption when stores
are inadequate

oxalates impair absorption

absorption better in animal foods

Question 3

Signs and symptoms of calcium deficiency

Answer 3

Hypocalcemia (abnormal parathyroid function; abnormal metabolism

Osteoporosis
Depression
Psychosis

Localized pain, tetany, muscle aches

Question 4

Calcium is regulated by the _____

Answer 4

Parathyroid gland

Question 5

Magnesium is regulated by the ____

Answer 5

Kidneys

Question 6

Magnesium may be helpful in the treatment of ____ (9)

Answer 6

Anxiety
Irritability
Insomnia
Muscle cramps
Hypertension
Acute asthma
CVD
Diabetes
Migraines

Question 7

Signs and symptoms of phosphate deficiency

Answer 7

Loss of appetite
Anemia
Muscle weakness
Bone pain/Rickets/Osteomalacia
Increase susceptibility to infection
Numbness and tingling in extremities
Difficulty walking

Question 8

Iron is regulated by ____

Answer 8

Liver
Hepcidin

Question 9

Signs and symptoms of iron deficiency

Answer 9

Fatigue
Increased heart rate/palpitations
Glossitis/angular stomatitis
PICA
Beeturia
Impaired exercise and work capacity
Spoon shaped nails

Question 10

Signs and symptoms of zinc deficiency

Answer 10

White spots on nails
Slow wound healing
Decreased taste and smell
Acne
Increased infection
Hair thinning
Depression, irritability, poor concentration

Delayed growth/development
Delayed sexual maturation
Skin rashes
Chronic, severe diarrhea
Decreased appetite and taste
Night blindness
Behavioral disturbances

Question 11

Signs and symptoms of selenium toxicity

Answer 11

Brittleness/loss of hair/nails
Garlic odor on breath
GI disturbances
Skin rashes
Irritability
Fatigue, depression, lassitude
Nervous system dysfunction

Question 13

What nutrients may interfere with calcium absorption?

Answer 13

Oxalates
Phytates

Question 14

Foods high in oxalates

Answer 14

These foods are high in _____.

Spinach
Sweet potato
Beet greens
Dried beans

Question 15

Phytates can inhibit absorption of this micronutrient.

Answer 15

Calcium

Question 16

Calcium requires this micronutrient for absorption.

Answer 16

Vitamin D

Question 17

What macronutrient may cause urinary excretion of calcium?

Answer 17

Protein may cause urinary excretion of ____.

Question 18

Calcium’s partner nutrient is _____.

Answer 18

Magnesium is is the partner nutrient of _____.

Question 19

Increased excretion of Calcium can be caused by increased levels of _____.

Answer 19

Increased levels of sodium can cause increased excretion of _____.

Question 20

RDA for Calcium

Answer 20

Adults 1000 mg
Seniors 1000/1200 mg
Elder seniors 1200 mg

Question 21

Calcium - take with food?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

Most bioavailable form of calcium (3)

Answer 22

Citrate
Malate
Gluconate

Question 23

Least bioavailable form of calcium

Answer 23

Carbonate

Question 24

Calcium supplementation dosage

Answer 24

no more than 500 mg in single dose

Question 25

What minerals are structural components of bones and teeth? (2)

Answer 25

Magnesium Calcium

Question 26

Iron's partner nutrient is _____.

Answer 26

Copper Required for normal metabolism of iron and RBC formation (Think blood tastes metallic)

Question 27

Iron RDA

Answer 27

Adult Men - 8 mg Adult Women - 18 mg Seniors - 8 mg

Question 28

This mineral may be need to be supplemented in those with IBD due to losses through diarrhea.

Answer 28

Zinc Zinc deficiency can also cause diarrhea, creating self-perpetuating cycle

Question 29

What nutrient helps facilitate transfer of electrons in the electron transport chain...leading to the creation of ATP?

Answer 29

Iron (think...no ATP means no energy...fatigue...lack of iron)

Question 30

When thinking of thyroid think of these micronutrients (3)

Answer 30

Iodine Selenium Zinc

Question 31

DASH is high in these nutrients that are helpful for regulating blood pressure

Answer 31

Calcium Potassium Magnesium

Question 32

Wilson's disease is caused by an accumulation of _____

Answer 32

Copper

Question 33

Calcium Meal Who is it for? What are they eating?

Answer 33

Chovstek and Trousseau's Orange-glazed Salmon and broccoli w/ cheese and stinging nettle tea Osteoporosis Leafy green salad with sardines, amaranth and orange vinaigrette Chovstek - abnormal facial twitching Trousseau's - carpopedal spasm (hands and feet)

Question 34

Magnesium Meal Who is it for? What are they eating

Answer 34

Friend who is cranky and crampy with PMS. Lentil soup with spinach and crusty whole wheat bread. Chocolate covered nut clusters.

Question 35

Potassium Meal Who is it for? What are they eating?

Answer 35

Client with high blood pressure Leafy green, tropical fruit salad with avocado Someone with diarrhea from using too many laxatives Sweet potato with pecans If this person does strenuous exercise, add a side of spaghetti

Question 36

Copper Meal Who is it for? What are they eating?

Answer 36

Someone with prostate cancer taking high levels of zinc Oyster poboy and FF (air fryer) Chocolate covered cashews (Cashews for cancer vs other nuts) (900, TUL 10,000)

Question 37

Iodine Meal Who is it for? What are they eating?

Answer 37

Someone with hypothyroid Sushi with seaweed salad (150, TUL 1100)

Question 38

Iron Meal Who is it for? What are they eating?

Answer 38

Someone with anemia Vegan Mixed bean soup Brussel sprout and pepper coleslaw with citrus vinaigrette Other Steak with onions and peppers and pickled beets (8, 18 TUL 45) (27, 9)

Question 39

Selenium Meal Who is it for? What are they eating?

Answer 39

Thyroid health or kidney dialysis Ceviche and Brazil nuts (55, TUL 400)

Question 40

Zinc Meal Who is it for? What are they eating?

Answer 40

someone with prostate cancer Steak stuffed with smoked oysters Oatmeal and pumpkin seed cookie (11, 8)

Question 41

RDA Potassium

Answer 41

4700

Question 42

RDA Sodium

Answer 42

1500 mg

Question 43

RDA Iodine

Answer 43

150 mcg

Question 44

TUL Iron

Answer 44

45 mg

Question 45

TUL Selenium

Answer 45

400 mcg

Question 46

TUL Vitamin A

Answer 46

3000 mcg

Question 47

TUL Vitamin E

Answer 47

1000 mg

Question 48

TUL Iodine

Answer 48

1100 mcg