Vitamins

Question 1

Vitamins are diverse in _____ and ______

Answer 1

function and structure

Question 2

Vitamins

Answer 2

organic substances required by animals in small amounts for normal metoabolism

Question 3

Where are vitamins obtainable from?

Answer 3

the diet or a precursor in the diet
-not synthesized within body tissues at a rate adequate for normal metabolism

Question 4

Are vitamins organic or inorganic?

Answer 4

organic

Question 5

Vitamins are distinct from

Answer 5

CHO, fats, and proteins (but still a component of natural food)

Question 6

Vitamins are present in food in ______ amounts

Answer 6

small

Question 7

What are vitamins essential for?

Answer 7

development of normal tissue, for good health, growth, and maintenance

Question 8

What are vitamins required for?

Answer 8

coenzymes in nutrient metabolism

Question 9

Fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 9

A, D, E, and K

Question 10

Water-soluble vitamins

Answer 10

-Vitamin C (pantothenic acid, niacin, choline, biotin, folic acid)
-Vitamin B complex (B1-Thiamin, B2-Riboflavin, B6-Pyridoxine, B12-Cobalamine)

Question 11

Who called the factor found in butter fat-soluble A?

Answer 11

McCollum

Question 12

Who isolated cause of polyneuritis in poultry and beri-beri in man as being cured with rice hulls?

Answer 12

Eijkman

Question 13

Who coined the term “vitamine”

Answer 13

Funk-termed after the amine fraction of rice hulls that prevented polyneuritis in birds

Question 14

Who isolated a fat soluble substance from cod-liver oil known as vitamin A?

Answer 14

Osborne and Mendel

Question 15

Provitamins

Answer 15

compounds that give rise to the vitamins

Question 16

Antivitamins

Answer 16

compounds that inhibit vitamins in some manner

Question 17

Deficiency

Answer 17

inadequate supply that results in clinical signs/symptoms

Question 18

Minimal supply

Answer 18

dietary level sufficient to prevent clinical signs/symptoms
-growth is normal under IDEAL conditions

Question 19

Optimal supply

Answer 19

meet all needs for optimal growth and performance

Question 20

Specialized supply

Answer 20

meets all metabolic needs under stressful conditions

Question 21

Cause of deficiency

Answer 21

-inadequate level in diet
-problems with absorption
-inability to synthesize sufficient quantities by the animal (must be obtained from the diet)

Question 22

Vit-min premix

Answer 22

supplement premix containing vitamins and minerals

Question 23

Cofactor

Answer 23

non-protein (inorganic) molecule required for enzyme function

Question 24

Coenzyme

Answer 24

cofactor that is an organic material

Question 25

Prosthetic group

Answer 25

a cofactor that associates with an enzyme covalently or very tightly (essentially permanent)

Question 26

Vitamin units

Answer 26

used because different sources have different biological activities (ex: IU and USP)