Animal/Plant Composition

Question 1

Nutrition

Answer 1

the sum of the processes in an animal by which food substances are consumed, metabolized, and waste products are eliminated

Question 2

Nutrient

Answer 2

any material that aids in the support of life in a normal healthy animal

Question 3

Feed/Feedstuff

Answer 3

any product, whether natural or synthetic origin, that when properly used in the diet has nutritional value

Question 4

Natural feedstuffs

Answer 4

-corn
-wheat
-alfalfa
-soybeans
-potatoes

Question 5

Natural processed feedstuffs

Answer 5

-soybean meal
-wheat germ meal
-alfalfa leaf meal
-distillers dried solubles

Question 6

Synthetic feedstuffs

Answer 6

a pure nutrient such as vitamin E

Question 7

Nutrient classes

Answer 7

-protein
-carbohydrates
-lipids
-vitamins
-minerals
-water

Question 8

Diet

Answer 8

a combination of feedstuffs

Question 9

Ration

Answer 9

amount of feed consumed by an animal in a 24 hr period

Question 10

Supplement

Answer 10

a feed or feed mixture used with another feed or feed mixture to improve the nutritional balance of a diet

Question 11

Three ways to use supplements:

Answer 11

-mix with other ingredients to form a complete diet
-feed free choice (animals will balance their own ration-usually salts and minerals)
-feed undiluted

Question 12

Concentrate

Answer 12

a feedstuff which supplies nutrients high in energy and contains <18% fiber as crude fiber

Question 13

Roughage

Answer 13

a feedstuff containing >18% fiber as crude fiber

Question 14

Digestion

Answer 14

the physical and chemical reactions feedstuffs undergo from intake to absorption from the gut

Question 15

Absorption

Answer 15

movement of nutrients from GI tract through gut wall into the lymph system, blood stream, and cells

Question 16

Distribution

Answer 16

movement of nutrients from absoprtion site to cells of body

Question 17

Digestion processes:

Answer 17

1. mechanical digestion (teeth, tongue, gizzard)
2. chemical digestion (stomach, abomasum, proventriculus)
3. Enzymatic digestion and microbial digestion for ruminants

Question 18

Metabolism

Answer 18

the chemical processes that nutrients undergo after absorption

Question 19

Anabolism

Answer 19

any CONSTRUCTIVE process by which simple substances are converted into more complex substance

Question 20

Catabolism

Answer 20

any DESTRUCTIVE process by which complex substances are converted into more simple compounds

Question 21

Enzyme

Answer 21

biocatalysts, secreted by living cells, which activates and/or accelerates chemical reactions

Question 22

Enzyme have:

Answer 22

-cofactors
-coenzymes

Question 23

Cofactors

Answer 23

activate the enzymes (an inorganic molecule)

Question 24

Coenzymes

Answer 24

function in conjunction with enzymes, not a permanent part of the enzyme, often act as intermediate carriers of electrons or functional groups for transport of chemical moieties (organic molecule)

Question 25

Hormones

Answer 25

chemical agents synthesized by particular parts of the body which are then carried by the blood to other parts of the body where they elicit a physiological response by action on specific tissues or organs

Question 26

What do plants use to form carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?

Answer 26

CO2, H2O, nitrates, and mineral salts

Question 27

What do animals need to build their bodies?

Answer 27

CO2, H2O, nitrates, and mineral salts

Question 28

What is the main constituent in plants?

Answer 28

CHO (only found in trace amounts in animals)

Question 29

Where does protein translocate to as plants mature?

Answer 29

the seeds

Question 30

What is the level of protein in mature plants?

Answer 30

highest in seeds
than leaves
than stems

Question 31

What is the level of fats in mature plants?

Answer 31

highest in seeds
-than leaves
than stems

Question 32

Roughages have low digestibility due to

Answer 32

high fiber content (cellulose)

Question 33

Concentrates have low rude fiber and

Answer 33

high starch

Question 34

Where is starch primarily found in plants?

Answer 34

in leaves

Question 35

What is leaves and stems primarily?

Answer 35

cellulose (stems less so than leaves)

Question 36

What minerals make up most of the animals body ash?

Answer 36

70% Ca and P

Question 37

Ca is more found in what part of the plant?

Answer 37

leaves

Question 38

P is richer in what part of the plant?

Answer 38

seeds

Question 39

Ca is low in what part of the plant?

Answer 39

seeds

Question 40

As a plant matures what happens to digestibility and intake?

Answer 40

both decrease

Question 41

In pre-budding plants relative feed value is

Answer 41

increased

Question 42

In pre-budding plants crude protein is

Answer 42

increasing

Question 43

Byproduct feeds

Answer 43

products remaining after, or developed from that which remains after, processing of commodities for other purposes