Vitamins Flashcards
1
Q
organic molecules are essential for normal
health and growth and they required in small amounts
A
VITAMINS
2
Q
Form no structures
• No mass
• Deficiencies/excessive amount can be Dangerous
A
VITAMINS
3
Q
2 type of Water soluble vitamins
A
Non-B Complex
B-Complex
4
Q
4 types of fat soluble vitamins
A
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Vitamin E
5
Q
5 types of energy releasing b-complex vitamins
A
Thiamine Riboflavin Niacin Biotin Pantothenic Acid
6
Q
Vitamin B1
A
Thiamine
7
Q
Vitamin b2
A
Riboflavin
8
Q
Vitamin b3
A
niacin
9
Q
2 types of hematopoietic b-complex vitamins
A
Folic Acid
Vitamin b12
10
Q
other types of b-complex vitamins
A
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) pyridoxal pyridoxamine
11
Q
insufficiency of one or more essential
vitamins
A
HYPOVITAMINOSIS
12
Q
a condition of abnormally high
storage levels of vitamins which can lead to toxic symptoms
A
HYPERVITAMINOSIS
13
Q
Vitamin A is also called?
A
: Retinol B-carotene
14
Q
RDA of Vitamin A in men?
A
900 μg/day
15
Q
RDA of Vitamin A in Women:
A
700 μg/day
16
Q
what is the 2 functions of Vitamin A?
A
oA – ura (Rhodopsin)
oA – ctivation - Of epithelial cells to maintain skin,
membranes, hair, gums, and glands health
17
Q
6 deficiencies of Vitamin A?
A
o Nyctalopia
o Xeropthalmia
o Blindness
o Hyperkeratosis
o anorexia
oDecreased mucous secretion of the stomach &
intestines → diarrhea, increased secretion of nutrients
18
Q
1st sign Slow recovery of vision after flashing of
bright light at night
A
o Nyctalopia
19
Q
Decreased saliva secretion
A
anorexia
20
Q
Food Sources of Retinol
A
o Beef o liver o milk o butter o cheese o cream o egg yolk o fortified milk o margarine o ready-to-eat cereals
21
Q
beef contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
A
Retinol
22
Q
liver contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
A
Retinol
23
Q
milk contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
A
Retinol
24
Q
butter contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
A
Retinol
25
cheese contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
Retinol
26
cream contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
Retinol
27
egg yolk contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
Retinol
28
fortified milk contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
Retinol
29
margarine contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
Retinol
30
ready-to-eat cereals contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
Retinol
31
Food Sources of Beta-carotene:
```
o greens” (turnip, dandelion, beet, collard,
mustard),
o spinach
o kale
o broccoli
o carrots
o peaches
o pumpkin
o red peppers
o sweet potatoes
o winter squash o mango
o apricots
o cantaloupe
```
32
greens” (turnip, dandelion, beet, collard,
mustard), contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
Beta-carotene
33
spinach contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
Beta-carotene
34
kale contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
Beta-carotene
35
carrots broccoli contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
Beta-carotene
36
peaches contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
Beta-carotene
37
pumpkin contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
Beta-carotene
38
red peppers contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
Beta-carotene
39
sweet potatoes contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
Beta-carotene
40
winter squash contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
Beta-carotene
41
mango contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
Beta-carotene
42
apricots contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
Beta-carotene
43
cantaloupe contains:
retinol?
beta-carotene?
Beta-carotene
44
water-soluble vitamins: B Vitamins and VItamin C
Absorption
Directly into the blood
45
water-soluble vitamins: B Vitamins and VItamin C
transport
travel freely
46
water-soluble vitamins: B Vitamins and VItamin C
storage
circulate freely in water filled parts of the body
47
water-soluble vitamins: B Vitamins and VItamin C
excretion
kidneys detect and remove excess in urine
48
water-soluble vitamins: B Vitamins and VItamin C
toxicity
possible to reach toxic levels when consumed from supplements
49
water-soluble vitamins: B Vitamins and VItamin C
requirements
needed in frequent doses (1 to 3 days)
50
vitamin d and vitamin c supplements
should eat 30 minutes before breakfast
51
the best time to take fat soluble vitamins
with meals and at night
kasi relaxed ka na dito eh kaya absorption ay optimal lahat naka focus na sa GI tract
52
fat soluble vitamins: vitamins A D E K
Absorption
1st into the lymph, then the blood
53
fat soluble vitamins: vitamins A D E K
transport
many require protein carriers
54
fat soluble vitamins: vitamins A D E K
storage
cells associated with fat
55
fat soluble vitamins: vitamins A D E K
excretion
less readily excreted
tend to remain in fat storage sites
56
fat soluble vitamins: vitamins A D E K
toxicity
likely to reach toxic levels when consumed from supplements
57
fat soluble vitamins: vitamins A D E K
Requirements
periodic doses
weeks or months
58
can not see in dark places
Xeropthalmia
59
eye problems
vitamin A
60
hyperkeratosis
hyperpigmentation of skin
61
lack of appetite
vitamin a deficiency
62
malabsorption
vitamin a deficiency
63
RDA: Vitamin D
Adult RDA: Up to age 70 years
: 15 μg/day;
64
RDA: Vitamin D
>71 years
20 μg/day
65
sunshine vitamin
Vitamin D
66
function of vitamin d
absorb calcium and phosphurus
67
Vitamin D Maintains serum calcium concentrations by
▪ Stimulating GI absorption
▪ Stimulating the release of calcium from the bones
▪ Stimulating calcium absorption from the kidneys
68
bone health
calcium
69
Young Rickets (meaning: twist)
pediatric patients
vitamin d deficiency
70
Adult Osteomalacia “adult rickets”
vitamin d deficiency
71
Osteoporosis (porous bones)
vitamin d deficiency
72
vitamin D Food Source
```
o Cod liver oil
o Oysters
o Mackerel and most fish
o egg yolks
o fortified milk
o some ready-to-eat cereals
o margarine
```
73
• Other Source of vitamin d
o Sunlight on the skin
74
Most toxic when overdose
vitamin D
Hypercalcemia
75
Most toxic when overdose
vitamin D
Calcification of heart and vessels and
nephrons
naninigas
76
Vitamin E:
| • RDA:
Adult RDA: 15 mg/day
77
Tocopherols
Vitamin E:
78
o Acts as an antioxidant to protect vitamin A and
| polyunsaturated fatty acids from being destroyed
Vitamin E:
79
o Protects cell membranes
Vitamin E:
80
o Plays a role in aging, sexual performance
Vitamin E:
81
Prevention of cancer and/or heart disease
Vitamin E:
82
hemolytic anemia
Vitamin E defeciency
83
o Sterility: reproductive failure
Vitamin E deficiency
84
Abortion
Vitamin E defeciency
85
• Food Source Vitamin E
o Vegetable oils
o margarine
o salad dressing
o other foods made with vegetable oil
o nuts, seeds
o wheat germ
o dark green
vegetables
o whole grains
o fortified cereals
86
vitamin e toxicity
Relatively non-toxic
87
what happens when u intake vitamin e in high doses
enhance action
| of anticoagulant medications
88
Vitamin K RDA
| Adult AI: Men:
120 μg
89
Vitamin K Women:
90 μg
90
o The only fat soluble vitamin with a specific
| coenzyme function.
Vitamin K
91
o Essential for clotting of blood.
Vitamin K
92
antihemorrhagic vitamin
Vitamin K
93
o Regulates blood calcium Named as
| antihemorrhagic vitamin
Vitamin K
94
Hemorrhaging
vitamin k defefiency
95
Toxicity of vitamin k
No symptoms have been observed from
| excessive intake of vitamin K
96
Food Source vitamin k
```
o Brussels sprouts
o Broccoli
o Cauliflower
o Swiss chard
o Spinach
o loose leaf lettuce carrots,
o green beans
o asparagus
o eggs
```
97
Only four vitamins out of the nine water-soluble can cause
| toxicity
1. Niacin (B3)
2. Pyridoxine B6
3. Folate (B9)
4. vitamin C
98
what is xeropthalmia
dryness of the cornea and conjuctiva of the eye
ridges and inflammation
99
what is hyperkeratosis
A condition marked by thickening of the outer layer of the skin, which is made of keratin
100
what is hemolytic anemia
disorder in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be made.
101
what is hypercalcemia
calcification of heart, vessels and nephrons
102
vitamin e is also known as
antihemorragic vitamin
