MIDTERMS_WATER AND MINERALS Flashcards
1
Q
Percentage of water of newborn infant
A
75% -80%
2
Q
Percentage of water of adult male
A
55%- 60%
3
Q
Percentage of water of adult female
A
50% - 55%
4
Q
give the 7 functions of water
A
- Structure – shape & rigidity
- Regulate body temperature
- Lubricant
- Fluid cushion
- Removes waste
- Solvent
- Reactant
5
Q
what gives Structure – shape & rigidity?
A
water
6
Q
what Regulates body temperature?
A
water
7
Q
what acts as a Lubricant?
A
water
8
Q
what acts as a Fluid cushion ?
A
water
9
Q
what Removes waste?
A
water
10
Q
water is a good solvent for?
A
fluoride, zinc and copper
11
Q
water acts as a bad solvent in?
A
pesticides and industrial waste
12
Q
as a reactant what does water do?
A
Breakdown of polysaccharide
13
Q
Adequate Intake (AI) for total water For men age 19 to older than 70 years
A
3.7 L/day
includes 3 L as fluids
14
Q
Adequate Intake (AI) for total water For WOMEN age 19 to older than 70 years
A
2.7 L,
Including 2.2 L from fluids
15
Q
give 2 methods of estimating fluid needs by multiplying
A
30 mL/kg body weight
1 mL/cal consumed
16
Q
SOLVE using 30ml/kg body weight
70-kg person needs how many mL per day?
A
2100 mL/day.
70 kg X 30 mL/kg =2100 mL/d
17
Q
SOLVE using 1 mL/cal consumed
a person consuming 2000 cal/day needs how many mL per day?
A
2000 mL/day.
2000 cal/day x 1 mL/cal =2000 mL/day
18
Q
give 1 other method of estimating fluid needs
A
Provide 1500 mL for the first 20 kg of weight and 15 mL/kg for each remaining kg
19
Q
Solve using Provide 1500 mL for the first 20 kg of weight and 15 mL/kg for each remaining kg
: A 70-kg person needs how many ml per day?
A
2250 mL/day
1500 mL for the first 20 kg + 15 X 50 remaining kg
20
Q
give 7 types of water
A
- Ground water
- Mineral water
- Purified
- Sparkling
- Spring
- Sterile
- Well
21
Q
percentage of water for Iceberg Lettuce?
A
95 %
22
Q
percentage of water for Watermelon?
A
93
23
Q
percentage of water for Broccoli?
A
91
24
Q
percentage of water for Milk?
A
89
25
percentage of water for Yogurt?
85
26
percentage of water for Chicken breast?
65
27
percentage of water for Whole wheat bread?
38
28
percentage of water for Cheddar cheese?
37
29
percentage of water for egg?
75
30
cucumbers
foods are high in water content
31
lettuce
foods are high in water content
32
strawberries
foods are high in water content
33
celery
foods are high in water content
34
yogurt
foods are high in water content
35
watermelon
foods are high in water content
36
oatmeal
foods are high in water content
37
tomatoes
foods are high in water content
38
cauliflower
foods are high in water content
39
carrots
foods are high in water content
40
zucchini
foods are high in water content
41
grapefruit
foods are high in water content
42
spinach
foods are high in water content
43
soup
foods are high in water content
44
how many cups of water for Adequate Intake/ day in Men
13 cups
45
how many cups of water for Adequate Intake/ day in women
9 cups
46
how many cups of water for Adequate Intake/ day minimum
4 cups
47
what states that the water is contaminated
(+) lead
48
who can contaminated water affect?
affect pregnant, infant, child
49
if there is fluid deficit what is the indication?
dehydration
50
what are the causes of fluid volume deficit?
```
o Diarrhea
o Vomiting
o High fever
o Stomach or intestinal viral infections
o Influenza
o Diuretics
o sweating
o Polyuria
o Old
```
51
if the patient has diarrhea, what is the fluid imbalance?
Fluid Volume Deficit
52
if the patient is Vomiting , what is the fluid imbalance?
Fluid Volume Deficit
53
if the patient has High fever , what is the fluid imbalance?
Fluid Volume Deficit
54
if the patient has Stomach or intestinal viral infections, what is the fluid imbalance?
Fluid Volume Deficit
55
if the patient has Influenza, what is the fluid imbalance?
Fluid Volume Deficit
56
if the patient is taking Diuretics, what is the fluid imbalance?
Fluid Volume Deficit
57
if the patientis sweating, what is the fluid imbalance?
Fluid Volume Deficit
58
if the patient is old, what is the nursing diagnosis?
Fluid Volume Deficit
59
what are the signs and symptoms of fluid volume deficit?
```
o Infrequent urination
o Dry mucous/mouth
o Unusual drowsiness
o Light headedness
o Extreme thirst
o Nausea
o Slow or rapid breathing
o Sudden weight loss
o Orthostatic hypotension
```
60
if the patient is experiencing Infrequent urination what does it indicate?
Fluid Volume Deficit
61
if the patient is experiencing Dry mucous/mouth what does it indicate?
Fluid Volume Deficit
62
if the patient is experiencing Unusual drowsiness what does it indicate?
Fluid Volume Deficit
63
if the patient is experiencing Light headedness what does it indicate?
Fluid Volume Deficit
64
if the patient is experiencing Extreme thirst what does it indicate?
Fluid Volume Deficit
65
if the patient is experiencing Infrequent urination what does it indicate?
Fluid Volume Deficit
66
if the patient is experiencing Nausea what does it indicate?
Fluid Volume Deficit
67
if the patient is experiencing Slow or rapid breathing what does it indicate?
Fluid Volume Deficit
68
if the patient is experiencing Orthostatic hypotension what does it indicate?
Fluid Volume Deficit
69
give intervention for fluid volume deficit if mild
Increase OFI (oral fluid intake)
70
give intervention for fluid volume deficit if Moderate – severe
IV therapy + Increase OFI
71
give the 3 fluid imbalances
Fluid Volume Deficit
Fluid Volume Excess
Water Intoxication
72
give the 7 causes of fluid volume excess
```
o Kwashiorkor
o Congestive heart failure
o Early renal failure
o IV therapy
o Excessive SODIUM ingestion
o Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
o Corticosteroid therapy
```
73
if the patient has Kwashiorkor (ascites) , what is the fluid imbalance?
Fluid Volume Excess
74
if the patient has Congestive heart failure , what is the fluid imbalance??
Fluid Volume Excess
75
if the patient has Early renal failure , what is the fluid imbalance??
Fluid Volume Excess
76
if the patient is under IV therapy, what may happen to fluid volume?
Fluid Volume Excess
77
if the patient has Excessive SODIUM ingestion , what is the fluid imbalance??
Fluid Volume Excess
78
if the patient has Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) , what is the fluid imbalance?
Fluid Volume Excess
79
if the patient is under Corticosteroid therapy (asthma), what is the fluid imbalance?
Fluid Volume Excess
80
what are the signs and symptoms of fluid volume excess?
```
o Edema > 10% retention
o Increase Na intake
o Tachypneic/dyspneic (effusion)
o crackles (placental effusion)
o Distended neck and hand veins
o Acute weight gain
```
81
ascites
retention of water in the peritoneal space
82
if the patient is experiencing Edema > 10% retention what does it indicate?
Fluid Volume Excess
83
if the patient is experiencing Increase Na intake what does it indicate?
Fluid Volume Excess
84
if the patient is experiencing Tachypneic/dyspneic (effusion)what does it indicate?
Fluid Volume Excess
85
if the patient is experiencing crackles (pleural effusion)what does it indicate?
Fluid Volume Excess
86
if the patient is experiencing Distended neck and hand veins what does it indicate?
Fluid Volume Excess
87
if the patient is experiencing Acute weight gainwhat does it indicate?
Fluid Volume Excess
88
give cause of water intoxication
exercise--> inom tubig ---> perspire -->sodium is excreted --> absence of water control
89
how to address water intoxication in atlethes?
gatorade and pocari sweat
90
give 2 causes of water intoxication
increase H2o in large volume
| Excessive exercise >4hrs
91
what are the sign and symptoms of Water Intoxication
o Muscles cramps
o Hypotension
o Weakness
92
RDA of Major Minerals for 19- 30 years old
100mg or more/day
93
RDA of Trace Minerals for 19- 30 years old
Less or = 20mg/day
94
food sources of minerals in plants
o Fruits
o Vegetable
o Legumes
o Whole grains
95
food sources of minerals in animals
o Beef
o Chicken & eggs
o Fish
o Milk products
96
give the 3 minerals that provide structure to bones and teeth
Calcium
phosphorus
magnesium
97
give the 4 minerals that provide structure to soft tissues
Phosphorus
potassium
iron
sulfur
98
what mineral is the constituent of skin, hair, and nails.
Sulfur
99
what 3 minerals maintain fluid base balance?
Sodium,
potassium,
and chloride
100
what 2 minerals are part of the carbonic acid–bicarbonate system that regulates
blood pH?
Sodium hydroxide
| sodium bicarbonate
101
what mineral is involved in buffer systems that regulate kidney tubular fluids?
Phosphorus
102
what minerals are involved in the transmission of nerve impulses?
Sodium and potassium
103
what mineral stimulates muscle contractions
Calcium
104
what 3 minerals stimulate muscle relaxation
Sodium, potassium, and magnesium
105
what mineral is a component od Vitamin B12
Cobalt
106
what mineral is a cofactor for hundreds of enzymes.
Magnesium
107
essential for the production of thyroxine.
Iodine
108
what does Chromium enhances?
action of insulin.
109
give the 4 vitamins focusing on blood health
B12
B9
B6
Vitamin k
110
give the 3 minerals focusing on blood health
iron
zinc
copper
111
give the 3 vitamins focusing on bone health
vitamin A, K, D
112
give the 4 minerals focusing on bone health
calcium
phosporus
magnesium
flouride
113
give the 7 vitamins that are energy yielding
B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B12
114
give the 6 MINERALS that are energy yielding
```
IODINE
CHROMIUM
PHOSPHORUS
SULFUR
IRON
ZINC
```
115
give the 4 MINERALS that FOR fluid and electrolytes
sodium
phosphorus
calcium
potassium
116
in taking fat-soluble vitamins what should you pair it with?
oils and fats
117
some vitamins are thermonutrient, what does this mean?
take ground pepper or hot pepper sauce before vitamins
118
why shoul you intakeMicrogel supplements?
because of acidity in stomach it may diminish effectivity of vitamins and minerals. microgels allows you to get nutrients FULLY
119
in Increasing V+M absorption you should know how medications affect what?
nutrient absorption
120
in Increasing V+M absorption Supercharge your GIT with what?
prebiotics, probiotics, and enzymes
121
Tips in Increasing V+M absorption
7. Check the expiration date
| 8. Store supplements and foods properly
122
identify if contraindication or synergy
Zn + Cu
contraindication
123
identify if contraindication or synergy
Vit k + D + Ca
synergy
124
identify if contraindication or synergy
Vit A + E
synergy
125
identify if contraindication or synergy
Fe + Zn + vitamin A
synergy
126
identify if contraindication or synergy
Ca + Fe
contraindication
127
identify if contraindication or synergy
vit c + Fe
synergy
128
identify if contraindication or synergy
K + Mg + Ca
synergy
129
identify if contraindication or synergy
Vit C + E
synergy
