Vital Signs and Pain Assessment Flashcards
indicate the effectiveness of the circulatory, respiratory, neural, and endocrine body functions
vital signs
what is refered to as the 5th vital sign
pain
a change in vital signs indicates a change in
phisiological function
what is the acceptable reading temperature range for a healthy adult
36- 38`
what is the acceptable reading oral/tympanic/temporal range for an adult
37
what is the acceptable reading rectal temp range for an adult
37.5
what is the acceptable reading axillary temperature range for an adult
36.5
what is the acceptable reading pulse for an adult
60-100 BPM
what is the acceptable reading respirations for an adult
12-20 BPM
What is the acceptable reading systolic blood pressure for an adult
120-139 mmHg
what si the acceptable reading dialstolic blood pressure for an adult
80-89 mmHg
what is the acceptable reading for pulse pressure for an adult
30 -50 mm Hg
acceptable reading for oxygen saturation for an adult
95-100
bodys core tempurature is
constant
core temperature
temperature of structures deep within the body
sites of measurement of core temperature
- rectum
- tympanic membrane
- temporal artery
- esophagus
- pulmonary artery
- urinary bladder
- nasopharynx
sites of measurement of surface tempurature
- skin
- mount
- axillae
thermoregulation
the balance between heat lost a heat produced
what controls body tempurature
hypothalmus
what accounts for the heat produced by the body at absolute rest
basal metabolism
the average basal membrane rate depends on
bodys surface area
what effects BMR
thryroid hormones
shivering
bodys involuntary responce to temperature differences in the body
Nonshivering thermogensis occurs mainly in
newborns
radiation
transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of anothers without the direct contact between the two
Conduction
transfer of heat from one object to another through direct contact
convection
is the transfer of heat away from the body by air movement
Evaporation
transfer of heat energy when a liquid is changed to a gas
Diaphoriesis
- is visable perpiration
- occurs primarly on the forehead and upper throat
Skin in tempurature regulation
regulates through:
- insulation of the body
- vasoconstriction
- tempurature sensation
a persons ability to control temperature depends on:
- the degree of temp extreme
- ability to sense feeling confortable/uncomfortable
- thought process or emotion
- mobility
Factors affecting body tempurature
- age
- exercise
- hormone level
- circadian rhythm
- stress
- enviorment
- tempurature alterations
a fever is medically known as
pyrexia
when the fever breaks the person becomes
afebrile
when a fever occurs a fever is known as
febrile
hyperthermia
body tempurature that is elevated as a result of the bodys inability to promote heat loss or reduce heat production
malignant hypertherima
- life threatining disorder of the skeletal muscles in people with a pharmacogenetic predesposition
- causes muscle contractions and sever hypermetabolic crisis
heatstorke is caused by
prolonged exposure to sun or high enviormental tempuratures
Heat exhastion
- occurs when profuse diaphroesis results in excessive water and electrolyte loss
Hypotherima
heat loss during prolonged exposure to cold overwhelms the bodys ability to produce heat
mild hypotherimia tempurature range
34-36
moderate hyotherimia tempurature range
30-34
sever hypotherimia temp range
below 30
antipyretics
medications that reduce fever
cardiac output
the output of blood pumped by the heat during 1 minute
What are the characteristics of a pulse
- rate
- rhythm
- strenght
- equlaity
Tachycardia
- fast heart rate
- more than 100 BPM in adults
Bradycardia
- slow heart rate
- less than 60 BPM in adults
slow heart rate could occur from what medication
b blockers
pulse deficit
an inefficient contraction of the heart that fails to transmit a pulse to the peripheral sites
dysrhythmia
- abnormal rhythm
- an interval interuppted by an early or late beat or missed beat
ventilation
- the movement of gases in and out of the lungs
diffusion
- the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the red blood cells
perfusion
the distribution of red blood cells to and from the pulmonary capillaries
hyoxemia
- low levels of artial oxygen
chemoreceptors for oxygen are located
- carotid artery
- aorta
what is the normal tidal volume
500 ml
whta is tidal volume
normal relaxed breathing
eupena
the normal rate of depth and breathing
factors influencing character of respiration
- exercise
- acute pain
- anxiety
- smoking
- body positioning
- medications
- neurological injury
- hemoglobin function
assessment of venation
- respiratory rate
- rhythm
- depth
Bradypnea
- rate of breathing that is regular but abnormally slow
- under 12 breaths per minute
Tachypnea
- rate of breathing that is regular but abnormally rapid
- above 20 breaths per minute
Hyperpnea
- respirations are laboured, increased in depth, and increased in rate
- occurs normally due to excersize
Apnea
- respirations cease for several seconds then resume
- can result in respitory arrest
Hyperventilation
- rate and depth of respirations increase
- hypocardia may occur
Hypoventalation
- respiration rate is abnormally low, and depth of ventalation my be depressed
- hypercardia may occur
Chenyne-Strokes respirations
- respirations and depth are irregular
- characterized by alternating periods of apnea and hyperventilation
Kussmaul
- respirations are abnormally deep, regular and increased in rate
Biots respirations
- respirations are abnormally shallow for two or three breaths, followed by periods of apnea
blood pressure
force exerted on the walls of the artery by pulsing blood under pressure from the heart
Systolic
peak of maximum pressure when ejection occurs
Diastolic
- ventricles relax
- minimum pressure excreted against the arterial walls at any time
pulse pressure
differnece between systolic and diastolic pressure
hematocrit
- percentage of red blood cells in the blood
Factors influencing blood pressure
- age
- stress
- gender
- daily variation
- medications
- activity and weight
- smoking
after puberty which gender tends to have a higher blood pressure
male
white coat hypertension
blood pressure is elevelavted during doctors visits
masked hypertension
- blood pressure reading is normal while the patient is with the health care provider, but elevated at home
hypotension
systolic blood pressure is below 90
orthostatic hypotension is also refered to as
postural hyoptension
normotensive person
person with normal blood pressure
orthostatic hypotension
normotensive person developed symptoms of low blood pressure when rising to an upright position
blood pressure is measured using a
sphygomamometer
ultrasonic stepthoscore can be used when
weakend artrial pulse
auscultatory gap
- temporary disapperance of sound
dyspena
difficultly breathing
orthopnea
requiring certain body positions for comfortable breathing
sleep apnea
breathing stops, and start up agian, several times during sleep
hypoxia
not enough oxygen in the blood
cyanosis
objective evidence of decreased oxygen in the blood
- body turns blue
pain assesment letters
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
what does the O stand for in pain assesment
onset / orgin
what does the P stand fron in pain asssesment
pallition / provocation
what does the Q stand for in pain assesment
quality
what does the R stand for in pain assesment
Region
what does the S stand for in pain assessment
severity
what does the T stand for in pain assesment
Timing / treatment
what does the U stand for in pain assesmnet
understanding
what does the V stand for in pain assement
Value
