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NURS175 > Infection Prevention and Control > Flashcards

Infection Prevention and Control Flashcards

1
Q

pathogens

A

cause disease

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2
Q

infection

A

a disease state resulting from the entry and multiplication of a pathogen in the tissues of a host
- casues body to manifest clinical signs and symptoms

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3
Q

what causes the body to manifest certain signs and symptoms

A

infection

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4
Q

communicable

A

-the infection can be transfered from one person to the other
- contagious

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5
Q

immunocompromised

A

has an impaired immune system

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6
Q

development of infection depends on the presence of the following 6 elements:

A
  • a infectious agent (pathogen)
  • a reservoir
  • portal of exit from the reservoir
  • a mode of transportation
  • a portal of entry to the host
  • a susceptible host
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7
Q

microbes on the skin are called

A

resident of transient flora

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8
Q

if resident microorganism replicate they will

A

not cause harm

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9
Q

what is an example of a resident microbe of the skin

A

straphylococcus aureus

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10
Q

transient microorgansims

A
  • attatch to the skin when a person has contact with another person or object
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11
Q

virulence

A

the ability of a miccroorganism to produce disease

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12
Q

reservior

A

is a place where a pathogen can survive but may or may not muliply

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13
Q

when a pathogen is present on the skin or within the body but does not cause harm the pathogen is _______

A

colonizing

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14
Q

carriers

A
  • animals or persons who show no symptoms of illness but who have pathogens in their bodies that ycan be transfered to others
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15
Q

can carries transmit disease

A

yes

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16
Q

to thrive, pathogen require a reservoir that provides:

A
  • food
  • oxygen (or no oxygen)
  • water
  • appropriate temperature
  • appropriate pH
  • minimal light
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17
Q

aerobic

A

bacteria that require oxygen to survive and multiply sufficiently to cause disease

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18
Q

anerobic

A

do not require oxygen

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19
Q

does aerobic or anaerobic cause more infections

A

aerobic

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20
Q

portal of exit

A

the path by which pathogens leave the reservoir

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21
Q

contact transmission

A
  • the transfer of microbes by physical touch; may be direct contact of indirect contact
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22
Q

direct contact

A
  • physical skin-to skin contact between an infected or colonized individual and a suseptiable host
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23
Q

droplet transmission

A
  • large particles (droplets) from the respiratory system of an infected source through the air deposited into a susceptible host
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24
Q

indirect contact

A

-contact between a susceptible host and a contaminated inanimate object

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25
Q

how far can droplet transmission propell up to

A

2m

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26
Q

airborne transmission

A
  • small airborne particles (droplet nuclei) containing microbes remain suspended in the air for long period of time
  • air currents transmit particles to a susceptible host
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27
Q

vechile transmission

A
  • a single contaminated source (water, medications, food, equipment) transmits infection to multiple host, possible resulting in an outbreak
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28
Q

vectorborne transmission

A

insects transmit microbes to humans

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29
Q

suseptiablilty depends apon

A

the individuals degree of resistance to the pathogen

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30
Q

localized infection

A

restricted or limited to an area

31
Q

systemic infection

A

an infection that affects the entire body

32
Q

immune responce

A
  • protective responce that nutralizes pathogens and reapirs body cells
33
Q

incubation period

A

interval between the entrance of the pathogen into the body and the apperance of the first symptoms

34
Q

prodromal stage

A
  • inveral between the onset of non-specific signs and symptoms to more specific symptoms
35
Q

can the patient spread disease to others in the prodromal stage

A

yes

36
Q

illness stage

A
  • inverval when the patient manifest signs and symptoms specific to the type of infection
37
Q

convalescence

A
  • interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear, and the body start to replensih its resources and return to a state of homeostasis
38
Q

normal flora

A
  • microbe sin the intesine
  • microbes on the surface of the skin (resident microbes_)
39
Q

broad spectrum antibodies can lead to the development of _____

A

superinfections

40
Q

when do superinfections occur

A
  • when broad spectrum antibiotics eliminate a wide range of microorganisms , not just those causing infection (wipe out the normal flora)
41
Q

nectrolic tissue =

A

dead

42
Q

exudates

A
  • in inflammation responce
  • fluid and cells that are discharged from cells of blood vessels
    EXAMPLE: pus or sebum
43
Q

examples of exudates

A
  • pus
    -sebum
44
Q

edema

A

localized fluid appears as swelling

45
Q

health- care associated infections (HAI) are also known as

A

nosocomial infections

46
Q

HAI’s are

A
  • an infection acquired after admission to a health facility that was not present or incubating at the time of admission
46
Q

exogenous infections

A

arises from a microorganism external to the individual that do not exsist as normal flora

47
Q

examples of exogenous infections are

A
  • samonella
  • closterium tetani
48
Q

endogenous infection

A

occur when some of the patient flora become alterd and overgrowth results

49
Q

examples of endogenous infections

A
  • entercocci, yeast, and streptococci
50
Q

4 common site for causes of health care infection

A
  • surgical and traumatic wounds
  • urinary tract
  • respiratory tract
  • bloodstream
51
Q

what factors contribute to patient suseptiablilty

A
  • age
  • nutritional status
  • stress
  • disease process
  • medical therapy
52
Q

asepsis

A
  • the process for keeping away disease producing microorganisms
53
Q

medical asepsis is also known as the

A

clean technique

54
Q

medical asepsis includes procedures that are used to

A

reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms

55
Q

exaples of medical asepsis

A
  • hand hygiene
  • ## using clean gloves
56
Q

hand hygiene

A
  • most important and most basic technique in preventing transmission
57
Q

surgical aspesis is also known as the

A

sterile technique

58
Q

surgical aspesis includes

A
  • producers used to elimate all microorganisms, including spores from an object or area
59
Q

when a patient is on contact precautions what PPE must you wear before entering the room

A

gown and gloves required

60
Q

a patient is placed on contact precasusion when the microorganisms can spread through

A

direct contact

61
Q

examples of organsims that cause contact precausions

A
  • C. diff
  • MRSA
  • straphylococcus
  • used when any body fluid exxposure is possible
62
Q

when a patient is on droplet precasions what PPE must be worn before entering the room

A

mask and eye protection

63
Q

a patient is placed on droplet precausions when organisms are spread

A

through droplets in the air

64
Q

examples of organsims that can cause droplet precausion

A
  • mumps
  • MRSA
65
Q

what PPE are you required to wear when a pateint is placed on contact and droplet precausions

A
  • mask
  • eye protection
    • gloves
  • gown
66
Q

examples of organisms that can cause droplet and contact precausions

A
  • influenza
  • mumps
  • MRSA
66
Q

what PPE must be in place when entering a patients room who is on airborne precausions

A
  • N95 mask
  • private room
  • negative pressure airflow
67
Q

airborne precausions occur when

A

microorgansims are airborne droplets that are suspended in the air during sneezing, coughing, or talking

68
Q

examples of microorganisms that cause airborne precausions

A
  • TB
  • measles
69
Q

What PPE must be worn when entering a patients room on airborne and contact precausions

A
  • N95
  • eye protection
  • gown
  • gloves
70
Q

examples of microorgansims that are cause airborne and contact precautions

A
  • shingels
  • varicella (chicken pox)
71
Q

when caring for a patient on isolation asses risk / reason for infection

A
  • age
  • stress
    0 nutritional status
  • illness
  • known microorganisms
  • chain of infection
  • community aquired or nosocomial infection
72
Q

categories present in the chain of infection

A
  • infectious agent
  • reservoir
  • portal of exist (from reservoir)
  • vehicle (means of transportation)
  • portal of entry
  • susceptible host

NURS175 (12 decks)

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