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NURS175 > Supporting Urinary and Bowel Elimination > Flashcards

Supporting Urinary and Bowel Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

the presence of proteins or blood in the urine is a sign of

A

glomerlar injury

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2
Q

presences of protein in the urine is called

A

proteinuria

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3
Q

presences of blood in the urine is also called

A

hematuria

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4
Q

normal urine product is

A

1-2 L/day

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5
Q

an output of less than 30mL / h may indicate

A

renal alterations

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6
Q

kidney functions

A
  • produce red blood cells
  • blood pressure regulation
  • bone mineralization
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7
Q

renin

A

controls blood pressure
- regulates renal blood flow

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8
Q

urters

A

tubular structure that connect the collecting duct to the urinary bladder

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9
Q

bladder function

A

stores and excretes urine

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10
Q

urination is also known as

A

micturition or voiding

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11
Q

pyelonephritis

A

kidney infection

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12
Q

bacteriuria

A

bacteria in the urine

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13
Q

dysuria

A

buring while urinating

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14
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

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15
Q

Urinary Incontience (UI)

A

any complaint of involuntary loss of urine

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16
Q

Nocturia

A

prevalent lower urinary tract symptom
- need to get up at night on a regular basis to urinate

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17
Q

urinary diversion

A

urinary stoma

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18
Q

postvoid residual (PVR)

A
  • the volume remaining in the bladder after a void
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19
Q

Nurses must consider that urinary elimination problems may be a result in alterations in

A

sexulaity and self concept

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20
Q

what should the nurse look at when reviewing the health history of a patient in terms of urination

A
  • patterns of urination
  • factors affecting urination
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21
Q

during the physical assesment what should the nurse asses in regards to urination

A
  • skin and mucosal membranes
  • kidneys
  • bladder
  • perineum of male and female
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22
Q

hesitancy

A

report of delay in initiating voiding

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23
Q

polyuria

A

report that urine excretion volume over 24 hours in noticably larger than the previous excretion

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24
Q

oliguria

A

diminished urinary output relative to intake (400mL/24 hours

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25
dribbling
leakage of urine despite volunatry control of urination
26
hematuria
report of passage of visbale blood mixed in the urine
27
an hourly output of less than ___mL for more than __ hours is cause for concern
30 2
28
chacterisitics of urine
- color - clarity - odour
29
normally urine should be a ____ color
straw
30
normal urine appears
transparent
31
purpose of GI tract
- ingest food - break down ingested material into absorable forms - absorb nutrients and fluids - provide temporary storage of feces
32
mouth
mascualtes food and turns it into bolus
33
3 functions of the colon
- absorption - secretion - eliminiation
34
correct positioning for elimination
- knees higher than hips - leaning forward - elbows on knees - buldge out your abdominal - straighten your spine
35
factors effecting normal bowel elimination
- diet - fluid intake - physical activity - personal bowel elimination habits - privacy
36
fibre
bilk of fecal material
37
what are common predispoding factors to constipation
- low dietary fibre and poor fluid intake
38
lactose intolerance
- inablility to digest the sugar lactose
39
physical activity promotes
peristalsis
40
how many types of stool are in the bristol stool scale
7 types
41
type 1 (Bristol stool scale)
seperate hard lumps, like nuts (hard to pass)
42
type 2 (Bristol stool scale)
sausage shaped but lumpy
43
type 3 (Bristol stool scale)
like a sausage but with cracks on the surface
44
type 4 (Bristol stool scale)
like a sausage or a snake, smooth and soft
45
type 5 (Bristol stool scale)
soft blobs with clear cut edges (easily passed)
46
type 6 (Bristol stool scale)
fluffy pieces with ragged edges, a mushy stool
47
type 7 (Bristol stool scale)
watery, no solid pieces ENTIRELY LIQUID
48
what is the normal color of stool
brown
49
what is white/ clay stool caused by
absense of bile pigement
50
what does black or tarry stool indicate
ingestion of iron or bismuth preperations or upper GI bleeding
51
what does a plae yellow, greesy stool indicate
increased fat contnet - malabsorption of fat
52
how often should the normal person eliminate
daily or 2-3 time weekly
53
common bowel elimination problems
- constipation - impaction - diarrhea - incontaince - flatulence - hemorroids
54
constipation
bowel movements that are difficult or infrequent
55
impaction
results from unrelieved constipation - collection of hardened feces that are wedged in the rectum and cannot be expelled
56
Diarrhea
- increase in the number of stools and the passage of watery, unformed feces
57
Bowel incotinence
- inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus
58
Flatulence is the common cause of
abdominal fullness, pain and cramping
59
flatulence =
gas
60
how much flatulence is in a helathy individual
100 -200 mL
61
hemmeroids
- dialated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum
62
stoma
- temporary or permeant artificial opening the the abdominal wall
63
ileostomy
a surgical opening in the ileum
64
colonoscopy
a surgical opening into the colon
65
effulent
stool discharged from the ostomy
66
what is the ideal fluid intake for adults
1500-2000ml
67
what is the ideal fluid intake for an infant
500ml
68
caffeine is a
natural diuretuc - increases urine production
69
when do children gain control of urination
between 12 months and 3 years
70
psychological factors that influence urination
- nervousness - stress - fear - cold
71
Neurological factors that affect urination
- impaired neuromuscular function - damage at or below the sacral region of the spinal cord - impaired neurological functions
72
Urinary diversion
creation of an alternate pathway for urine elimination - suprapubic catheter - nephrostomy tubes - urostomy
73
dialysis
- if renal cells are lost/damaged, dialysis can filter blood
74
levels of urinary incontinence
- stress UI - urge UI - Mixed UI - reflex UI - Chronic retention UI - functional UI - multifactorial UI
75
Considerations for health promotion
- maintain adequate hydration - void frequency - proper cleaning of perineum after voiding - maintain perineal hygiene - Kegel exercises can strenghten pelvic floor muscles
76
what nutritional consideration is important in bowel continence
fiber
77
foods high in greese and fat tend to cause
diarrhea
78
physical activity encourages
peristalsis

NURS175 (12 decks)

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