Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Practice 1 > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

What are vital signs used for?

A

provide critical information about a patient’s physiological status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define sign

A

observable, objective measure that can be quantified by using valid and reliable measurement instruments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define symptom

A

how a person experiences a condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 internationally recognized vital signs

A
  • HR
  • BP
  • RR
  • Temperature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is considered the “5th” vital sign?

A

Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define basal HR

A

pulse rate measured after an extended period of rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define resting HR

A

pulse rate measured in the absence of imposed stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define periactivity HR

A

pulse rate taken during an intervention or imposed stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define recovery HR

A

taken 1-3 minutes following intervention/activity

measures the CV system’s ability to recover following stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define patency

A

the openness of the peripheral portion of the CV system

measured by presence/absence of pulse at a given site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a red flag for patency?

A

a patient with lack of patency without a known pathology

REFER to MD immediately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the signs of poor patency?

A
  • trophic: loss of hair, dry/flaky skin, muscle atrophy
  • decreased skin temperature
  • blanching
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the trend of HR as we age?

A

HR decreases as we age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Target HR

A

max HR * desired intensity (%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does a grade 0 HR describe?

A

pulse is absent; no perceptible pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does a grade 1+ HR describe?

A

pulse is thready; barely perceptible, easily obliterated with pressure, fades in/out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does a grade 2+ HR describe?

A

pulse is weak; difficult to palpate, can be obliterated easily with slight pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does a grade 3+ HR describe?

A

pulse is normal; easy to palpate, requires moderate pressure to obliterate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does a grade 4+ HR describe?

A

pulse is bounding; very strong, hyperactive, cannot obliterate with moderate pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the normal HR for each age group?

A

Newborn - 120-160
Infant - 100-120
Child - 80-100
Adult - 60-100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define auscultation

A

monitoring of the heart using a stethoscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define doppler measurements

A

US based device that uses frequency of blood flow changes during blood flow to examine patency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 6 main sites for HR measurement?

A

carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the main site for HR measurement in an infant?

A

brachial artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Define blood pressure

A

measure of force exerted by blood against the aorta

26
Q

Define systole

A

ventricles of the heart contracting; maximum pressure exerted

27
Q

Define diastole

A

ventricles of the heart relaxing; minimum pressure exerted

28
Q

What is the purpose of BP?

A

to determine vascular resistance to blood flow; to determine the effectiveness of the cardiac muscle in pumping blood to overcome vascular resistance

29
Q

What should be considered when taking BP?

A
  • size of cuff
  • placement of cuff/bladder
  • support of patient’s arm
  • patient position
30
Q

BP should be taken on the L arm except when

A
  • IV lines placed
  • stroke
  • lymphedema
  • fracture
  • blood clot
31
Q

Normal resting BP for all the age ranges are:

A

neonates >60s
infants 70-95s
child 80-110s
adults 90-120/60-80

32
Q

Normal BP is categorized as

A

<120/<80

33
Q

Elevated BP is categorized as

A

120-129/<80

34
Q

Stage 1 HTN is categorized as

A

130-139 OR 80-89

35
Q

Stage 2 HTN is categorized as

A

> 140 OR >90

36
Q

Stage 3 HTN is categorized as

A

> 180 and/or >120

37
Q

High BP in the presence of these symptoms may warrant a referral

A
  • HA
  • dizziness
  • flushed face
  • spontaneous epistaxis
  • vision changes
  • frequent nocturnal urination
38
Q

If a patient is known to have HTN and is taking antiHTN medications and their BP is >140/90 this is known as:

A

A RED FLAG, stop immediately

39
Q

Define orthostatic hypotension

A

a sudden drop in blood pressure with changes in position
drop of >20mmHg systolic
drop of >10mmHg diastolic
drop of both

40
Q

Symptoms of orthostatic hypotension

A
  • faintness
  • lightheadedness
  • dizziness
  • confusion
  • blurred vision
41
Q

What does the ankle brachial index indicate

A

risk for cardiovascular events

42
Q

A low ABI (0.90) indicates what?

A

peripheral arterial disease, increased risk for CV events

43
Q

A high ABI (>1.50) indicates what?

A

abnormal finding, may be due to diabetes or calcified arteries

44
Q

Define pulse pressure

A

the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

45
Q

Name the accessory muscles of inspiration

A

SCM, pec M, pec m, serratus ant, serratus post, lat, trap, QL

46
Q

Name the accessory muscles of expiration

A

TA, internal/external obliques, rectus abdominis, intercostales, QL

47
Q

What is the trend of BP as we age

A

it increases as we age

48
Q

What is the trend of respiration rate as we age?

A

it decreases as we age

49
Q

What is the normal respiration rate for adults?

A

12-20 breaths per minute

50
Q

A 0 on the ATS Dyspnea scale indicates

A

dyspnea only with strenuous exercise

51
Q

A 1 on the ATS Dyspnea scale indicates

A

trouble breathing when hurrying on level ground or slightly uphill

52
Q

A 2 on the ATS Dyspnea scale indicates

A

walking slower than those of the same age on level ground; having to stop and catch breath

53
Q

A 3 on the ATS Dyspnea scale indicates

A

stopping for breath after 100yd or every few minutes on level ground

54
Q

A 4 on the ATS Dyspnea scale indicates

A

too breathless to leave the house; becomes breathless while dressing

55
Q

What is the trend of temperature as we age?

A

it decreases slightly

56
Q

What are the sites where temperature may be taken?

A

oral, rectal, auditory canal/tympanic, forehead, axillary

57
Q

What is a typical temperature for an adult

A

95.9 - 98.6

58
Q

What is a typical temperature for an infant

A

95.9 - 99.5

59
Q

What are the varying factors of temperature?

A

time of day, season, age, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, physical fitness, shift work, meals, alcohol

60
Q

What sites may pulse oximetry be taken

A

finger, earlobe, foot

Clinical Practice 1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions