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Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

Tachy?

A

rapid

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2
Q

Brady

A

Slow

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3
Q

Eu

A

normal

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4
Q

hyper

A

above normal

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5
Q

hypo

A

less than normal

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6
Q

A

A

absent

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7
Q

pyro

A

fever

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8
Q

dys

A

pain or difficulty

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9
Q

tens

A

pressure

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10
Q

pyrogen

A

fever inducer

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11
Q

pyrogenic

A

fever inducing

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12
Q

What are the 4 main vital signs?

A

temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure

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13
Q

What is the 5th vital sign?

A

pain

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14
Q

pyrexia

A

fever

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15
Q

What is the organized approach for taking vitals?

A

temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure

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16
Q

What should you do if you question the results of your vitals?

A

do them again

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17
Q

When do you check vital signs?

A

on admission
before and after surgery
before and after invasive diagnostic procedure
before, during and after administering blood/blood products
cardio, respiratory, and temp control drugs.

change in condition
after intervention that influences vital signs
patient “doesnt feel right”

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18
Q

What is our core temperature?

A

temperature of our deep tissues

generally kept constant

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19
Q

What is our surface temperature and some info about it?

A

skin, mouth, axillae temperature

may fluctuate

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20
Q

What is an FUO?

A

Fever of an unknown origin

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21
Q

How do we produce heat?

A

BMR (basal metabolic rate)

shivering

Non-shivering thermogenesis

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22
Q

How do we lose heat?

A 
Radiation
conduction
convection
evaporation
diaphoresis
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23
Q

What are the normal temperature values for oral?

A

97.6 - 99.6

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24
Q

What are the normal temperature values for axillary?

A

96.6 - 98.6

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25
What are the normal temperature values for rectal temperature?
98.6 - 100.6
26
What are the normal values for tympanic temperture?
98.2 - 100.2
27
What is the normal temperature for a newborn?
`96 - 99.5
28
What is the normal temperature for an infant
99.4 - 99.7
29
What is the normal temperature for a toddler?
99.0 - 99.7
30
What is the normal temperature for a preschooler?
98.6 - 99
31
What is the normal temperature for a school age child?
98.0 - 98.6
32
What is the normal temperature of an adolescent?
97 - 99
33
What is the normal temperature for an adult?
97 - 99
34
What is the normal temperature for an older adult?
95 - 99
35
What temperature is considered a fever?
over 100.4
36
What causes a fever?
heat loss cant keep up with heat production.
37
How much does the BMR raise per degree C the temperature rises? why is this important to understand?
13% Because the higher the BMR, the higher the heat production
38
What is myocardial hypoxia and its symptoms?
low O2 in the heart muscle (causes chest pain)
39
What is an infarction?
tissue death due to the lack of O2
40
How do we NOT treat a fever?
with cold packs or ice baths
41
How do we treat a fever?
IV fluids and oxygen Take accurate I/Os Blood cultures to check for infection Minimize heat production and maximize heat loss Use antipyretic medications if patient is at risk for cardiac or pulmonary complications Can do a tepid (room temperature) bath
42
What is considered hyperthermia?
A temperature that rises without a change in the hypothalamic set point
43
What are the three types of hyperthermia?
Malignanat hyperthermia (heredity, uncontrolled heat production in response to anesthesia) Heat stroke Heat exhaustion
44
describe heat stroke and its symptoms.
body temperature >104 high mortality rate S/S: giddiness, confusion, thirst, nausea, HOT DRY SKIN WITH NO SWEATING
45
describe heat exhaustion.
excess diaphoresis causes fluid and electrolyte loss put in shade, dont cool too fast, rehydrate
46
What are the different severities of hypothermia?
Mild: 93.2 - 96.8 Moderate: 86 - 93.2 severe:
47
What is the difference between intentional and unintentional hypothermia?
intentional is an induced state of hypothermia to protect the body unintentional is a result of the bodies compensatory mechanisms not being able to keep up with the heat loss
48
What are the S/S of hypothermia?
decreased v/s cyanosis decreased LOC poor decision making
49
How do we treat hypothermia?
provide a warm environment heated humidified oxygen warming blanket warmed oral or IV fluids continuous cardiac monitoring
50
What is the formula that helps figure out what the heart rate should do in situations?
CO = SV x HR
51
What is stroke volume?
The amount of blood pumped by each stroke of the heart
52
What is the CO
The amount of blood pumped out by the heart in one minute
53
What are the characteristics of the pulse that you need to assess?
rate rhythm strength equality
54
What is the normal heart rate of an adult?
60 - 100
55
What is the normal heart rate of a school-age kid?
75 - 100
56
What is the normal heart rate of an infant?
120 - 160
57
what is considered bradycardia in adults?
58
Can a heart rate of less than 60 BPM be normal for someone?
yes
59
What is considered tachycardia in adults?
> 100 BPM
60
What is a pulse deficit?
When a distal site has a pulse but the peripheral sites pulse is intermittent or non existent
61
What are the different numbers for pulse strength and how would you describe them?
0 - no pulse 1 - thready or weak; easily obliterated 2 - difficult to find 3 - normal 4 - bounding
62
What are some things that affect heart rate?
age ANS gender body position medications bloodloss/shock pain pulmonary conditions
63
What can increase the pulse rate?
short term exercise fever and heat acute pain and anxiety positive chronotropic drugs (epinephrine) loss of blood standing or sitting poor oxygenation
64
What can decrease the pulse rate?
conditioned athletes hypothermia unrelieved severe pain negative chronotropic drugs like digitalis lying down
65
What do you do if you come across tachycardia or bradycardia?
assess for other S/S Assess for adverse effects of medications prevent injury notify provider
66
Are inspiration and expiration active or passive processes?
inspiration - active expiration - passive - muscle relaxes and air goes out
67
What stimulated breathing?
our CO2 levels of our body, not oxygen.
68
What is the complication with COPD and O2?
COPD patients drive to breath is based on a hypoxemic drive, so if they get high flow O2 their body could stop breathing on its own
69
What is breathing quality?
the types of sounds being heard when breathing
70
What is a newborns respiratory rate?
35-40
71
What is a infants respiratory rate?
30-50
72
What is a toddlers respiratory rate?
25-32
73
What is a school age childs respiratory rate?
20--30
74
What is an adolescents respiratory rate?
16-20
75
What is an adults respiratory rate?
12-20
76
What is an older adults respiratory rate?
12-20
77
What is hyperpnea?
labored breathing that has an increase in depth andrate
78
What is apnea?
absence of respirations
79
What are cheyne-stokes respirations?
irregular rate and depth periods of apnea alternated with hyperventilation
80
What is kussmauls respirations?
abnrmally deep, regular, and increased rate
81
What are biots respirations?
abnormally shallow for 2-3 breaths, followed by apnea
82
What is hypoxemia?
O2 sats
83
What do you do if the patient becomes hypoxemic?
confirm the sat probe is placed correctly correlate the pulse rate on monitor with apical pulse confirm oxygen delivery is functioning place patient in semi-fowlers or fowlers encourage deep breaths suction as needed if ordered asses for signs of hypoxemia asses v/s and report to provider remain with the patient
84
What are 3 factors to assess in ventilation?
rate depth rhythm quality
85
What s systolic blood pressure?
The top number measures pressure when ventricles contract
86
What is diastolic BP?
The bottom number measures pressure between beats
87
What is the formula for BP?
BP= CO X SVR
88
What affects SVR (systemic vascular resistance)
blood volume viscosity elasticity of blood vessels
89
What is considered pre-hypertension?
SBP 120-139 DBP 80-89
90
What is considered stage I hypertension?
SBP 140 - 159 DBP 90-99
91
What is considered stage II hypertension?
SBP >160 DBP >100
92
What is considered hypotension?
SBP
93
What is pulse pressure?
differrence between SBP and DBP
94
What is orthostatic hypotension?
when BP falls when patient changes from lying to sitting or to standing
95
How do you check orthostatic BP?
Check BP when supine Have patient sit or stand wait 1-3 minutes then check BP
96
What are you listening for when checking BP?
kortikoff sounds (1 & 5) 4th in hypertensive patients
97
What happens if a cuff is too big?
reading will be too low
98
What happens if a cuff is too small?
reading will be too high.
99
What if you get an unexpected BP reading?
recheck again towards the end of the encounter recheck if measured by an automatic device make sure cuff is completely deflated between attempt notify provider after rechecking

Fundamentals (7 decks)

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