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Fundamentals > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

Tachy?

A

rapid

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2
Q

Brady

A

Slow

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3
Q

Eu

A

normal

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4
Q

hyper

A

above normal

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5
Q

hypo

A

less than normal

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6
Q

A

A

absent

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7
Q

pyro

A

fever

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8
Q

dys

A

pain or difficulty

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9
Q

tens

A

pressure

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10
Q

pyrogen

A

fever inducer

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11
Q

pyrogenic

A

fever inducing

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12
Q

What are the 4 main vital signs?

A

temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure

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13
Q

What is the 5th vital sign?

A

pain

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14
Q

pyrexia

A

fever

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15
Q

What is the organized approach for taking vitals?

A

temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure

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16
Q

What should you do if you question the results of your vitals?

A

do them again

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17
Q

When do you check vital signs?

A

on admission
before and after surgery
before and after invasive diagnostic procedure
before, during and after administering blood/blood products
cardio, respiratory, and temp control drugs.

change in condition
after intervention that influences vital signs
patient “doesnt feel right”

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18
Q

What is our core temperature?

A

temperature of our deep tissues

generally kept constant

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19
Q

What is our surface temperature and some info about it?

A

skin, mouth, axillae temperature

may fluctuate

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20
Q

What is an FUO?

A

Fever of an unknown origin

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21
Q

How do we produce heat?

A

BMR (basal metabolic rate)

shivering

Non-shivering thermogenesis

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22
Q

How do we lose heat?

A 
Radiation
conduction
convection
evaporation
diaphoresis
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23
Q

What are the normal temperature values for oral?

A

97.6 - 99.6

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24
Q

What are the normal temperature values for axillary?

A

96.6 - 98.6

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25
Q

What are the normal temperature values for rectal temperature?

A

98.6 - 100.6

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26
Q

What are the normal values for tympanic temperture?

A

98.2 - 100.2

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27
Q

What is the normal temperature for a newborn?

A

`96 - 99.5

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28
Q

What is the normal temperature for an infant

A

99.4 - 99.7

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29
Q

What is the normal temperature for a toddler?

A

99.0 - 99.7

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30
Q

What is the normal temperature for a preschooler?

A

98.6 - 99

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31
Q

What is the normal temperature for a school age child?

A

98.0 - 98.6

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32
Q

What is the normal temperature of an adolescent?

A

97 - 99

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33
Q

What is the normal temperature for an adult?

A

97 - 99

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34
Q

What is the normal temperature for an older adult?

A

95 - 99

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35
Q

What temperature is considered a fever?

A

over 100.4

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36
Q

What causes a fever?

A

heat loss cant keep up with heat production.

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37
Q

How much does the BMR raise per degree C the temperature rises? why is this important to understand?

A

13%

Because the higher the BMR, the higher the heat production

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38
Q

What is myocardial hypoxia and its symptoms?

A

low O2 in the heart muscle (causes chest pain)

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39
Q

What is an infarction?

A

tissue death due to the lack of O2

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40
Q

How do we NOT treat a fever?

A

with cold packs or ice baths

41
Q

How do we treat a fever?

A

IV fluids and oxygen

Take accurate I/Os

Blood cultures to check for infection

Minimize heat production and maximize heat loss

Use antipyretic medications if patient is at risk for cardiac or pulmonary complications

Can do a tepid (room temperature) bath

42
Q

What is considered hyperthermia?

A

A temperature that rises without a change in the hypothalamic set point

43
Q

What are the three types of hyperthermia?

A

Malignanat hyperthermia (heredity, uncontrolled heat production in response to anesthesia)

Heat stroke

Heat exhaustion

44
Q

describe heat stroke and its symptoms.

A

body temperature >104

high mortality rate

S/S: giddiness, confusion, thirst, nausea, HOT DRY SKIN WITH NO SWEATING

45
Q

describe heat exhaustion.

A

excess diaphoresis causes fluid and electrolyte loss

put in shade, dont cool too fast, rehydrate

46
Q

What are the different severities of hypothermia?

A

Mild: 93.2 - 96.8

Moderate: 86 - 93.2

severe:

47
Q

What is the difference between intentional and unintentional hypothermia?

A

intentional is an induced state of hypothermia to protect the body

unintentional is a result of the bodies compensatory mechanisms not being able to keep up with the heat loss

48
Q

What are the S/S of hypothermia?

A

decreased v/s

cyanosis

decreased LOC

poor decision making

49
Q

How do we treat hypothermia?

A

provide a warm environment

heated humidified oxygen

warming blanket

warmed oral or IV fluids

continuous cardiac monitoring

50
Q

What is the formula that helps figure out what the heart rate should do in situations?

A

CO = SV x HR

51
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The amount of blood pumped by each stroke of the heart

52
Q

What is the CO

A

The amount of blood pumped out by the heart in one minute

53
Q

What are the characteristics of the pulse that you need to assess?

A

rate

rhythm

strength

equality

54
Q

What is the normal heart rate of an adult?

A

60 - 100

55
Q

What is the normal heart rate of a school-age kid?

A

75 - 100

56
Q

What is the normal heart rate of an infant?

A

120 - 160

57
Q

what is considered bradycardia in adults?

A
58
Q

Can a heart rate of less than 60 BPM be normal for someone?

A

yes

59
Q

What is considered tachycardia in adults?

A

> 100 BPM

60
Q

What is a pulse deficit?

A

When a distal site has a pulse but the peripheral sites pulse is intermittent or non existent

61
Q

What are the different numbers for pulse strength and how would you describe them?

A

0 - no pulse

1 - thready or weak; easily obliterated

2 - difficult to find

3 - normal

4 - bounding

62
Q

What are some things that affect heart rate?

A

age

ANS

gender

body position

medications

bloodloss/shock

pain

pulmonary conditions

63
Q

What can increase the pulse rate?

A

short term exercise

fever and heat

acute pain and anxiety

positive chronotropic drugs (epinephrine)

loss of blood

standing or sitting

poor oxygenation

64
Q

What can decrease the pulse rate?

A

conditioned athletes

hypothermia

unrelieved severe pain

negative chronotropic drugs like digitalis

lying down

65
Q

What do you do if you come across tachycardia or bradycardia?

A

assess for other S/S

Assess for adverse effects of medications

prevent injury

notify provider

66
Q

Are inspiration and expiration active or passive processes?

A

inspiration - active

expiration - passive - muscle relaxes and air goes out

67
Q

What stimulated breathing?

A

our CO2 levels of our body, not oxygen.

68
Q

What is the complication with COPD and O2?

A

COPD patients drive to breath is based on a hypoxemic drive, so if they get high flow O2 their body could stop breathing on its own

69
Q

What is breathing quality?

A

the types of sounds being heard when breathing

70
Q

What is a newborns respiratory rate?

A

35-40

71
Q

What is a infants respiratory rate?

A

30-50

72
Q

What is a toddlers respiratory rate?

A

25-32

73
Q

What is a school age childs respiratory rate?

A

20–30

74
Q

What is an adolescents respiratory rate?

A

16-20

75
Q

What is an adults respiratory rate?

A

12-20

76
Q

What is an older adults respiratory rate?

A

12-20

77
Q

What is hyperpnea?

A

labored breathing that has an increase in depth andrate

78
Q

What is apnea?

A

absence of respirations

79
Q

What are cheyne-stokes respirations?

A

irregular rate and depth

periods of apnea alternated with hyperventilation

80
Q

What is kussmauls respirations?

A

abnrmally deep, regular, and increased rate

81
Q

What are biots respirations?

A

abnormally shallow for 2-3 breaths, followed by apnea

82
Q

What is hypoxemia?

A

O2 sats

83
Q

What do you do if the patient becomes hypoxemic?

A

confirm the sat probe is placed correctly

correlate the pulse rate on monitor with apical pulse

confirm oxygen delivery is functioning

place patient in semi-fowlers or fowlers

encourage deep breaths

suction as needed if ordered

asses for signs of hypoxemia

asses v/s and report to provider

remain with the patient

84
Q

What are 3 factors to assess in ventilation?

A

rate

depth

rhythm

quality

85
Q

What s systolic blood pressure?

A

The top number

measures pressure when ventricles contract

86
Q

What is diastolic BP?

A

The bottom number

measures pressure between beats

87
Q

What is the formula for BP?

A

BP= CO X SVR

88
Q

What affects SVR (systemic vascular resistance)

A

blood volume

viscosity

elasticity of blood vessels

89
Q

What is considered pre-hypertension?

A

SBP 120-139

DBP 80-89

90
Q

What is considered stage I hypertension?

A

SBP 140 - 159

DBP 90-99

91
Q

What is considered stage II hypertension?

A

SBP >160

DBP >100

92
Q

What is considered hypotension?

A

SBP

93
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

differrence between SBP and DBP

94
Q

What is orthostatic hypotension?

A

when BP falls when patient changes from lying to sitting or to standing

95
Q

How do you check orthostatic BP?

A

Check BP when supine

Have patient sit or stand

wait 1-3 minutes then check BP

96
Q

What are you listening for when checking BP?

A

kortikoff sounds (1 & 5)

4th in hypertensive patients

97
Q

What happens if a cuff is too big?

A

reading will be too low

98
Q

What happens if a cuff is too small?

A

reading will be too high.

99
Q

What if you get an unexpected BP reading?

A

recheck again towards the end of the encounter

recheck if measured by an automatic device

make sure cuff is completely deflated between attempt

notify provider after rechecking

Fundamentals (7 decks)

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