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Fundamentals > Mobility and Immobility > Flashcards

Mobility and Immobility Flashcards

1
Q

anorexia

A

loss of apetite

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2
Q

atelectasis

A

alveolar collapse

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3
Q

chest physiotherapy

A

like chest percussions

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4
Q

embolus

A

something that can occlude blood flow

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5
Q

hypostatic pneumonia

A

due to atelectasis

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6
Q

logroll

A

head and neck stay in alignment

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7
Q

negative nitrogen balance

A

putting out more nitrogen than putting in

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8
Q

renal calculi

A

kidney stones

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9
Q

shear

A

opposing movement of two surfaces

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10
Q

trochanter roll

A

a roll to put under the trochanter to relieve pressure

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11
Q

urinary stasis

A

urine that pools in bladder

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12
Q

What is the definition of mobility?

A

freedom and independence in purposeful movement

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13
Q

What is contractures?

A

muscle fibers have permanent shortening?

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14
Q

What is foot drop?

A

The foot is fixed in plantar flexion

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15
Q

ankylosing joints?

A

collagen tissue becomes permanently immobile

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16
Q

What does immobility do to our veins?

A

vasodilation and pooling.

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17
Q

thrombus?

A

a blood clot

18
Q

What can immobility do to our respiratory system?

A

pooling and stasis of respiratory secretions

weakened respiratory muscles

19
Q

What can atelectasis cause?

A

collapse of a lobe or an entire lung

hypostatic pnemonia - pooled secretions in lobes is a good medium for bacteria to grow in

20
Q

What does immobility do to our cardiovascular system?

A

diminished cardiac reserve

increased use of valsalva maneuver

less fluid volume in circulatory system

decreased CO

increased oxygen requirements

dependent edema

thrombus formations

21
Q

What does immobility do to our endocrine system?

A

decreased BMR

negative nitrogen balance (cause by more catabolism (breakdown of proteins than anabolism of proteins or ingestion of proteins) can cause depletion of protein stores

anorexia (magnifies negative nitrogen balance)

negative calcium balance (more osteoclast activity than osteoblast activity) weakens bones

decreased protein intake=loss of muscle

weight loss

alterations in calcium, fluid and electrolytes

alteration in metabolism of fats, carbs, and proteins

22
Q

How doe simmobility effect the urinary system?

A

urinary stasis - gravity doesnt help drain the bladder

renal calculi - more calcium in body because of increased osteoclast activity because of decreased intake

urinary retention - bladder doesnt completely empty and gets distended

urinary infection - defense mechanisms are gone, flushing of urine, acidic nature of urine, makes a need for foley

23
Q

Effects of immobility on GI system?

A

decreased peristalsis

decreased fluid intake

constipation, then fecal impaction, then diarrhea

24
Q

effects of immobility of integumentary system?

A

increased pressure on skin

reduced skin turgor

decreased circulaton to skin and tissue

decubitus ulcer formation

25
Q

What are some psychological effects of immobility?

A

depression, poor self-esteem, apathy, regression

anxiety

altered coping abilities

sleep-wake alterations (diurnal variation)

signs of sensory deprivation

26
Q

What are some issues with infants toddlers and preschoolers with immobility?

A

slow development of gross motor skills

slow intellectual and physical development

unbalanced posture

27
Q

What are some issues with adolescents and immobility?

A

imbalanced growth spurt

delayed development of independence

social isolation

28
Q

What are some issues with adults and immobility?

A

alterations in family and social systems

alterations in identity

29
Q

What are some issues with older adults and immobility?

A

alterations in balance

steady loss of bone mass

decreased coordination

slower gait with smaller steps

alterations in functional status

increased dependence on family/caregivers staff

30
Q

What parts of the skin do we really really need to check

A

bony prominences

use braden scale to assess risk for pressure ulcer

observe for urine or bowel incontinence

31
Q

What is an incentive spirometer?

A

something that you inspire with that gets

32
Q

What are some other interventions combat respiratory effects of immobility?

A

TCDB every 2 hours

Chest physiotherapy

hydration (thins respiratory secretions)

remove abdominal binder every 2 hours

monitor ability to expectorate (cough and spit up phlegm)

use suction if needed

33
Q

What are some cardiovasular interventions for immobility?

A

mobilize patient early after surgery

PROM/AAROM/AROM

use isometric exercises to increase tolerance of movement

no valsalva maneuver

SCD cuffs, TED hose, anticoagulants

ROM for lower legs

increased fluid intake

low dose heparin

call provider for suspected DVT

34
Q

musculoskeletal interventions for immobility?

A

ROM 2-3 times daily

physical therapy

exercises

change position every 2 hours

weight shifts in wheelcahir every 15 minutes

nutritional monitoring and calcium

CPM (continuous passive motion) is needed

35
Q

What are some important things to note about elimination interventions for immobility?

A

laxatives are a last resort!!

36
Q

What should we do with all of these interventions

A

cluster them together to give patient time to rest after

37
Q

What can we do for psychosocial

A

give room with alert roomate

make patient assist with hygiene and ADLs

maintain orientation to time, person, and place

provide meaningful stimuli

38
Q

What does heat do to the body?

A

increases blood flow

increases tissue metabolism

relaxes muscles

eases joijnt stiffness and pain

39
Q

What does the cold do to the body?

A

decreases inflammation and reduces swelling

reduces bleeding

reduces fever

diminishes muscle spasms

decreases pain

40
Q

what should we worry about with temperature therapy?

A

dont leave applications on for too long

be cautious with fragile skin

patients may not be able to sense or move from applications that are too hot or too cold

avoid heat over bony prominences, pregnant abdomens, dont place under immobile patient, avoid heat over metal devices

Avoid cold therapy for people with raynauds phenomenon (decreased sensation in extremities when cold, narrowing of small blood vessels), cold intolerance or vascular insufficiency

41
Q

How do we promote venous return?

A

thromboembolic devices (TED hose) apply external pressure for venous return

SCDs and intermittent pneumatic compression (IPCs) wrap around legs and provide external compression as well

ROM can contract leg muscles, promoting venous return

increase fluid intake

Fundamentals (7 decks)

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