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PHTH 507 > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

What is considered normal blood pressure?

A

less than 120/ less than 80

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2
Q

What is considered elevated blood pressure?

A

Systolic 120-129 and diastolic less than 80

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3
Q

What is considered hypertension stage 1?

A

Systolic 130-139 or diastolic 80-89

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4
Q

what is considered hypertension stage 2

A

systolic 140 or higher and diastolic 90 or higher

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5
Q

what is considered a hypertensive crisis?

A

a systolic higher than 180 and diastolic higher than 120

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6
Q

What are clinical indications of cardiovascular disease?

A

-dyspnea (abnormal breathing)
-Fatigue
-Chest pain or palpitations
-Cyanosis (poor circulation to extremities [blue tine]) and digital clubbing
-Intermittent claudication
-edema
-overweight

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7
Q

what is blood pressue?

A

the pressure exerted on arterial walls due to the contractile force of blood ejected by the ventricles each beat against the resistance of the arterial walls

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8
Q

what is systolic pressure?

A

Peak ventricular contractile force pushing blood through the arteries

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9
Q

What is diastolic pressure?

A

Occurs when the ventricles are relaxed; the lowest pressure against the walls of an artery

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10
Q

Why does blood pressure increase with age?

A

-stiffer blood vessels
-fills up with plaque
-smaller tube = greater force

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11
Q

Our blood pressure is the lowest in the ______ and increases (peaks) in the ________

A

Morning, Afternoon

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12
Q

Most cardiac medications and narcotics will…

A

decrease BP

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13
Q

what is hypotension?

A

Low blood pressure. Systolic less than 90.

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14
Q

What are signs of an abnormally low BP?

A

-tachycardia (HR bumps up to try to get blood to the rest of the body)
-dizziness
-confusion & restlessness
-cool, clammy, pale

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15
Q

what is orthostatic hypotension?

A

When a person’s blood pressure falls when moving from a seated or lying position to a standing position. There is greater than 20mmhg change in systolic and greater than 10mmhg change in diastolic

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16
Q

what are possible causes of hypotension?

A

-prolonged bed rest
-decreased blood vol
-medications
-bradycardia
-heart attack
-hormonal issues
-nutritional deficiencies

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17
Q

Phase 1 karotkoff sounds

A

first faint clear sound, systolic pressure is recorded as the first of 2 successive soudns

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18
Q

phase 2 Korotkoff sounds

A

sound changes to a murmur and can be distinguished as a swishing sound

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19
Q

phase 3 karotkoff sounds

A

distinguished as knocking

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20
Q

Phase 4 kartokoff sound

A

sounds become muffled as the pressure in the cuff decreases. They can be soft “blowing” quality

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21
Q

phase 5 karotkoff sound

A

silence- disappearance of sound (diastolic(

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22
Q

auscultatory gap

A

A brief period when karotkoff sounds disappear during auscultation of blood pressure; common with hypertension. Phase II disappears which can lead to falsely low systolic and falsely high diastolic

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23
Q

what is considered a normal pulse rate?

A

60-90 bpm

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24
Q

what is considered bradycardia?

A

Less than 60 bpm

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25
Q

what is considered tachycardia?

A

greater than 100 bpm

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26
Q

what is normal pulse rate for newborns?

A

70-190 bpm

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27
Q

what is a normal pulse rate for children?

A

70-120 bpm

28
Q

What is a thready (+1) pulse?

A

It is easily obliterated, barely perceptible, in and out

29
Q

A pulse that is absent (0) is…

A

no perceptible pulse

30
Q

A pulse that is weak (+2) is..

A

difficult to palpate, stronger than thready, and obliterated with light pressure

31
Q

A pulse that is normal (3+) is..

A

easy to palpate, requires moderate pressure to obliterate

32
Q

A pulse that is bounding (+4) is…

A

very strong, not obliterated with moderate pressure

33
Q

A rhythm that is regular…

A

has equal intervals between beats

34
Q

A rhythm that is regularly irregular…

A

skips the same beat each cycle

35
Q

A rhythm that is irregularly irregular

A

skips beats randomly

36
Q

a bigeminal rhythm is when…

A

two beats occur in rapid succession

37
Q

what should you look for when checking respiration?

A

-rate
-depth
-rhythm
-regularity of breaths

38
Q

respiratory rates should be taken…

A

passively

39
Q

abnormal respiratory sounds

A

Adventitious; includes crackles, rhonchi, and wheezes

40
Q

wheezing breath sounds

A

high pitched whistling sounds from narrowed airways

41
Q

stridor breath sounds

A

high pitched, harsh sounds caused by spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway (glottis or trachea)

42
Q

crackles/rales breath sounds

A

rattling or bubbling sounds

43
Q

stertorous breathing

A

breathing that sounds like snoring; obstruction of upper airway

44
Q

beta blockers and ace inhibitors can ______ pulse response

A

blunt

45
Q

beta-adrenergic blockers (albuterol) will…

A

decrease
pulse rate

46
Q

Hyperventilation is…

A

tachypnea so great that blood levels of carbon dioxide decrease to dangerous levels

47
Q

what are normal respiration rates for newborns? (breaths/min)

A

30-60

48
Q

what are normal respiration rates during early childhood?

A

20-40

49
Q

what are normal respiration rates during late childhood?

A

15-28

50
Q

what are normal respiration rates during adolescence?

A

18-22

51
Q

what are normal respiration rates in adult males?

A

14-18

52
Q

what are normal respiration rates in adult females?

A

16-20

53
Q

what is considered tachypnea?

A

rapid breathing; greater than 20 breaths per min

54
Q

what is considered bradypnea?

A

slow breathing; less than 10 breaths per min

55
Q

what is apnea?

A

absence of breathing

56
Q

what is normal O2 saturation?

A

92-100%

57
Q

What is pulse oximetry?

A

A measure of arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation

58
Q

how do pulse oximeters work?

A

oxygenated hemoglobin absorbs more infrared light and deoxygenated hemoglobin absorbs more red light. Pulse oximeters compare red and infrared light absorption.

59
Q

what is deconditioned O2 saturation?

A

less than 88%

60
Q

What are the limitations of pulse oximeters?

A

-poor circulation or anemia decreases SO2
- COPD
-temperature
-nail polish
-ambient light
-movement
-CO inhalation

61
Q

what are the pulse sites?

A

carotid, brachial, radial, ulnar, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis artery

62
Q

what is considered normal temperature?

A

98.6 F

63
Q

what is considered a fever?

A

Above 101

64
Q

infections and deep vein thrombosis will ______ temperature. TBI’s and SCI’s will _______ temperature because the thermoregulatory system is impacted.

A

Increase
increase or decrease

65
Q

the strength or amplitude of pulse reflects…..

A

stroke volume= the vol of blood ejected out of the left ventricle of the heart during each systolic cardiac contraction

66
Q

what is pulse?

A

A wave of blood from one contraction of the left ventricle during a cardiac cycle

PHTH 507 (10 decks)

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