Intro to Intervention Flashcards
what is step one to intervention?
Identify the problem and its underlying cause.
A therapist should tie ______ to the ______ and _______ limitations identified in the examination.
interventions to the impairments and functional limitations
Therapeutic exercise should _____ or ______ impairments, improve or restore _______, prevent or reduce______, and optimize overall health.
remediate or prevent
physical function
health related risk factors
Passive range of motion/ mobility has to do with ______. Passive exercise is the movement of a joint or body segments by a ______ to the body. There _____ voluntary muscle contraction.
muscle length
force external to the body
is NO
When should you use passive exercise? (4)
When a patient is unable to perform any form of active contraction.
This can be due to (1) paralysis, (2) comatose, (3) recovery from surgery, or (4) healing fractures.
What are the benefits of passive exercise? (6)
- preserves and maintains ROM
- Minimizes contracture and adhesion formation
- Maintains mechanical elasticity of muscles
- Promotes and maintains local circulation
- promotes awareness of joint motion
- enhances cartilage nutrition!
Passive range of motion DOES NOT… (3)
- prevent muscle atrophy
- increase muscle strength or endurance
- Assist in circulation as well as AROM or AAROM
What is active range of motion?
A movement of a segment within the unrestricted ROM that is produced by active contraction of the muscles crossing the joint
What is active assisted range of motion?
A type of AROM in which assistance is provided manually or mechanically by an outside force because the prime mover muscles need assistance to complete the motion.
Self assisted ROM is typically apart of a HEP . It _____ healing tissue. it can be ____ or _____ based.
protect
manual or equipment based
Stretching can have different modes such as ___, _____, or ______.
The intensity of stretches should be ____, a low load, and ____ to make a change in the underlying tissue. Duration should generally be _____ sec for _____ reps.
Frequency is dependent on age, chronicity, pathology and meds. In general ____ per week.
static, dynamic, ballistic
slow, prolonged
15-60 seconds for 2-5 reps
3-5 times per week
The nervous system controls ______ in muscles. People with chronically tight muscles will typically have underlying ______ mechanism that needs to be addressed.
tone
neuromuscular
Important to warm up the tissues before _____ stretching. The purpose of a warm up is to increase _____ and reduce _____.
static
extensibility
risk of injury
The direction of a stretch should be ______ to the _____ motion.
opposite
restricted
There are 3 basic modes of resistance exercise:
- isotonic (same tone/ same weight entire time)
- isometric (without moving ROM at joint)
- isokinetic (maintaining same speed at varying resistance)
Isotonic contractions can be eccentric or concentric meaning…
They can be performed in an open or close chain meaning….
eccentric is lengthening
concentric is shortening.
Open chain means the distal extremity is open to space
Closed chain means that the distal extremity is attached (push up or squat)
Isotonic contractions are used to (7):
- Maintain or increase strength, power, and endurance
- promote circulation
- enhance the cardiovascular efficiency
- create hypertrophy of muscle fibers
- maintain physiological elasticity of the muscles
- maintain joint motion
- maintain or enhance coordination
In an isometric contraction there is ___ observable joint motion. There is no significant change in ____ HOWEVER there can be an increase or decrease in ______ recruited. An example is a quad set.
NO
muscle length
muscle fibers
What is resistance exercise?
Any form of active exercise in which a dynamic or static muscular contraction is resisted by an outside force. Can be manual or mechanical (weight, theraband, etc)
What are the goals of resistive exercise? (3)
To improve function!
1. increase strength
2. increase muscular power endurance
3. increase power
Strength is the amount of ____ of a _____ muscle. It is directly related to the amount of _____ a contracting muscle can produce.
Force output of a contracting
Tension
Power is related to ___ and ____.
strength and speed
what are the contraindications to resistive exercise?(3)
- Pain with resistance
- Active inflammation
- Severe cardiopulmonary disease
What are precautions for resistive exercise?
-Avoid valsalva maneuver. (holding breath leads to increased abdominal and thoracic pressure which can abruptly increase blood pressure)
-Avoid substitute motions.
What are goals of AROM and AAROM? (5)
- To maintain physiological elasticity and contractility of the participating muscles
- To provide sensory feedback from the contracting muscles
- To provide a stimulus for bone and tissue integrity
- Increase circulation to prevent thrombus
- Develop coordination and motor skills
Isometric contractions produces little to no…
Joint motion it significant change in the length of the muscle. You are still working strength
An isokinetic contraction is when…
Equipment controls the speed of patients contractions and produces variable resistance to the muscles as it contracts through its arc
Power is work per unit time. The greater the intensity of the exercise and the ____ the time taken to generate force, the ____ muscle power.
Shorter
Greater
Overload principle
If muscle is to improve a load that exceeds the metabolic capacity of the muscle must be applied.
How do you overload in strength traning
Increase the resistance progressively
How do you overload in endurance training
Increase repetitions or sets
What are determinants of resistive exercise
Alignment of body segments
Stabilization
Intensity
Mode
Frequency
Duration
Progression and modifications
