Vital Signs

Question 1

the 6 vital signs

Answer 1

pulse, respiration, BP, temp, pain, and walking speed

Question 2

components of pulse

Answer 2

pulse force, pulse ryhthm, pulse rate,

Question 3

normal adult pulse rates

Answer 3

60-80 bpm

Question 4

normal pulse rate of children (1-8)

Answer 4

80-100 bpm

Question 5

normal pulse rate of infants (less than 1 year)

Answer 5

100-120 bpm

Question 6

normal pulse rate of highly trained athletes

Answer 6

40-60 bpm

Question 7

tachycardia

Answer 7

pulse rate greater than 100 bpm

Question 8

bradycardia

Answer 8

pulse rate lower than 60 bpm

Question 9

pulse rhythm

Answer 9

Regular: pulses felt at typical intervals.

Irregular: pulses felt at variable intervals.

Question 10

pulse force

Answer 10

0=absent

1+=diminished or weak (barely palpable)

2+=normal (easily palpable)

3+=increased force (very easily palpable)

4+=bounding (unable to obliterate with palpation pressure)

Thready=no interval between pulses (very weak and rapid)

Question 11

factors affecting the pulse

Answer 11

age, gender, ANS, environment, drugs, pregnancy, excitement/nerves, arrythmias, POTS, and biofeedback (good effect)

Question 12

components of respiration

Answer 12

breathing rate, ryhthm, and depth

Question 13

oxygen saturation

Answer 13

measure of oxygen within arterial blood

Question 14

oxygen saturation is dependent upon:

Answer 14

O2 availability, gas exchange in the lungs, concentration of hemoglobin for O2,

Question 15

arterial blood gases

Answer 15

SaO2 describes the O2 saturation of the arterial blood; obtained from blood draw

Question 16

pulse oximetry

Answer 16

SpO2; use of probe and wavelengths of light reflected from the blood.

Question 17

normal SpO2 values

Answer 17

96-100% (less than 90% may need supplemental O2)

Question 18

hypoxemia

Answer 18

deficient oxygenation of blood

Question 19

hypoxia

Answer 19

diminished availability of O2 to tissues

Question 20

anoxia

Answer 20

complete lack of O2

Question 21

causes of reduced blood O2 saturation

Answer 21

Alterations in heart function

Impaired ability of lungs to oxygenate blood

Anemia: Reduced hemoglobin

Hypoventilation

Diffusion impairments that affect blood-gas exchange

Heart problems will cause lungs problems

Question 22

locations for pulse ox

Answer 22

fingers, toes, ear lobes

Question 23

measuring respiration rate

Answer 23

watch the rise and fall of the chest while “taking radial pulse”

Question 24

breath sounds

Answer 24

Normal

Abnormal or Adventitious

Wheezing, rhonchi (lower pitch, similar to wheezing), crackles or rales.

Question 25

normal respiration rate of adults

Answer 25

12-20 breaths/min

Question 26

normal respiration rate of children (1-8)

Answer 26

15-30 breaths/min

Question 27

normal respiration rate of infants (less than 1 year)

Answer 27

25-50 breaths/min

Question 28

tachypnea

Answer 28

respiration rate greater than 20 breaths/min

Question 29

bradypnea

Answer 29

respiration rate less than 12 breaths/min

Question 30

respiration ryhthm

Answer 30

Regular: breaths observed at typical intervals Irregular: breaths observed at variable intervals.

Question 31

respiration depth

Answer 31

Deep: chest rise and fall very obvious. Normal: chest rise and fall observable. Shallow: barely perceptible or imperceptible chest rise

Question 32

dyspnea

Answer 32

difficult/uncomfortable breathing

Question 33

orthopnea

Answer 33

difficulty breathing while lying flat that resolves when resuming an upright position

Question 34

apnea

Answer 34

absence of breathing

Question 35

blood pressure

Answer 35

represents the range of pressure exhibited throughout ventricle contraction and relaxation

Question 36

BP stages

Answer 36

Normal: systolic less than 120, diastolic less than 80 Elevated: systolic 120-129, diastolic less than 80 High BP (hypertension stage 1): systolic 130-131, diastolic 80-89 High BP (hypertension stage 2): systolic 140 or higher, diastolic 90 or higher Hypertensive crisis (seek emergency care): systolic higher than 180, diastolic higher than 120

Question 37

Kartokoff sounds

Answer 37

first and last sounds heard in BP

Question 38

normal core temp

Answer 38

98.6

Question 39

accepted range of temp

Answer 39

96.4-99.1

Question 40

afebrile (no fever) (oral temp)

Answer 40

less than 100

Question 41

febrile (with fever) (oral temp)

Answer 41

greater than or equal to 100

Question 42

hypothermia (rectal temp)

Answer 42

less than 95

Question 43

hyperthermia (rectal temp)

Answer 43

greater than or equal to 106

Question 44

biggest fall risk

Answer 44

having had a previous fall

Question 45

gait velocity is linked to what clinically meaningful changes?

Answer 45

quality of life and walking behavior

Question 46

measuring gait velocity

Answer 46

ambulate 5 feet, time for 20 feet, 5 feet after. (or 5-10-5 meters)

Question 47

normal gait velocity values

Answer 47

1.2-1.4 m/sec