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DPT 508 > ROM > Flashcards

ROM Flashcards

1
Q

what structures are involved in ROM?

A

muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules, articular cartilage, bones, and inflammation

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2
Q

ROM as an assessment

A

the amount of movement available b/w 2 bony levers

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3
Q

ROM as a treatment

A

therapeutic intervention of moving a joint through its available range

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4
Q

what is the difference b/w ROM and stretching?

A

ROM is only trying to keep mobility within the limits of that joint, while stretching is trying to extend those limits

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5
Q

extremity ROM

A

shoulders, elbows, forearms, wrists, hands, hips, knees, ankles, feet

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6
Q

axial ROM

A

TMJ, cervical spine, scapulae, ribs, pelvis, and thoracolumbar spine

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7
Q

what is osteokinematics?

A

movement of one bone in relation to another

a long bone moving around a joint axis

elbow flexion

osteo-bone

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8
Q

what is arthrokinematics?

A

internal joint motion needed for osteokinematic motion

arthro-joint

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9
Q

what are the cardinal planes of motion?

A

sagittal, frontal, transverse, and triplanar

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10
Q

what motions are allowed in the sagittal plane?

A

flexion/extension

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11
Q

what motions are allowed in the frontal plane?

A

adduction/abduction, lateral flexion at the spine, wrist ulnar and radail deviation

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12
Q

what motions are allowed in the transverse plane?

A

internal and external rotation, spinal rotation, forearm supination and pronation

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13
Q

what motions are triplanar?

A

foot inversion/eversion

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14
Q

where is ROM typically performed (what plane)

A

in straight or diagonal plane

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15
Q

what is diagonal ROM?

A

PNF

3 components-one from each plane

functional/combined movements

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16
Q

what is muscle excursion/length?

A

if a muscle crosses one or more joints

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17
Q

what is active ROM (AROM)?

A

internal muscular force used to move the joint

patient is doing the work with their own muscles/force

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18
Q

what is passive ROM (PROM)?

A

an external force moves the joint

muscles are not used

can be gravity, machines, or other person

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19
Q

what is active assisted ROM (AAROM)?

A

requires an external force through part of the range

some portions are supplied by internal force, while other portions are external

theraband, towel, cane, patient’s other limb, wall, etc.

20
Q

what is resisted ROM?

A

resistence is applied to AROM

used for strengthening purposes

resistance, weights, theraband used to increase strength of ROM

resistance can be at various points of ROM, but in the middle is usually strongest

21
Q

what are the beneficial effects of PROM?

A

stimulates tissue healing

prevents adhesions and joint stiffness

22
Q

what are the beneficial effects of AROM?

A

PROM benefits

helps maintain health, integrity, and elasticity of tissues

increases sensory input

promotes tissue alignment

enhances local circulation with skeletal pump

23
Q

what are benefits of ROM in general?

A

increased functional ability, pain reduction, decreased stiffness, and movement of synovial fluid in the joint

24
Q

what are the indications for PROM?

A

when the patient’s own muscle force can’t produce safe, effective motion at the joint

when active muscle contraction would be harmful

as an assessment technique

as an intervention

25
Q

what is the Codman’ pendulum exercise?

A

shoulder PROM or early AAROM

very small shoulder movements assisted by gravity in prone or standing

slight distraction of the joint may reduce pain

26
Q

what are the PROM contraindications?

A

when motion will interfere with tissue healing

int he presence of extreme muscle guarding

when strong muscle guarding is accompanied by increased pain

27
Q

what are PROM precautions?

A

when it temporarily increases patient’s pain

when it elicits undesired muscle tone

28
Q

what is SINSS?

A

used to inform clinical judgement regarding PROM

Severity, Irritability, Nature, Stage, Stability

29
Q

PROM dosage?

A

generally 5-12 reps

about 5-10 sec/rep

generally 3-5 times/week

in neuro condition reps tend to be lower with sustained hold of 20-60 seconds at end of range to avoid guarding

30
Q

what are the AROM contraindications?

A

PROM contraindications

pain throughout motion/persisting after the activity

development of dysfunctional muscle tone

cardiac distress

31
Q

what are the AROM precautions?

A

PROM precautions

generates undesired movements

physiological demands increase patient risk (patient is working way harder than they should have to)

32
Q

AROM dosage?

A

determined by patient responses (look for fatigue, pain, changes in quality/accuracy of movement, and changes in vital signs)

33
Q

body mechanics

A

have the patient close to you

stand w/ wide BOS facing the direction of movement

position yourself to allow full ROM

you want to move towards your front leg

34
Q

ROM procedure

A

stabilize the proximal joint

use lumbrical grip

CCDD

AMAP/ANAP (as much as possible, as naturally as possible)

minimize position changes necessary

35
Q

systematic approach

A
  1. limit position changes
  2. supportive position/free from resitrictions
  3. assess the pre-activity state
  4. position yourself close to extremity height of source, and ability to shift your weight
  5. engage patient-ask patient to stay focused (EXPLAIN)
  6. start in supine/sitting
  7. head to toe
36
Q

PROM procedure

A

move through range slowly and with brief hold at the end range

light overpressure at end of range as appropriate

37
Q

AROM procedure

A

instruct patient in movement

watch for form and quality

monitor patient’s response to activity (facials, verbal, and vitals)

38
Q

what are some observations and findings from ROM

A

quantity of movement

quality of movement

patterns of movement

endfeels

pain

muscle tone, spasms, guarding

audible sounds

39
Q

what is a soft endfeel?

A

gradual onset typically from soft tissue (muscle and fat)

elbow flexion

40
Q

what is a firm endfeel?

A

tension of tendon/ligament

ankle dorsiflexion

41
Q

what is a hard endfeel?

A

bone to bone

painless when normal

elbow extension

42
Q

what is an empty endfeel?

A

range is stopped bc of pain and is always abnormal

43
Q

what is an abnormal endfeel?

A

one that is inappropriate for that joint

44
Q

what are the 3 patterns of movement?

A

joint capsular patterns

noncapsular patterns

poorly coordinated movements

45
Q

what is self ROM?

A

patients do the ROM on their own with use of other extremities or equipment such as towels, pulleys, or a cane to assist in PROM or AROM

DPT 508 (19 decks)

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