PNF

Question 1

what is PNF?

Answer 1

proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

it combines more functionally based diagonal patterns with techniques to promote facilitation of the neuromuscular system

Question 2

what is PNF used for?

Answer 2

to develop strength, mobility, stability, endurance, neuromuscular control, and coordinated movements

Question 3

what is the contact grip in PNF?

Answer 3

lumbrical grip often over the agonist with one point of contact proximal and one distal

Question 4

therapist alignment

Answer 4

aligned along diagonal planes- of movement

wide BOS

shoulders and trunk facing direction of moving limb

Question 5

what is stretch stimulus?

Answer 5

lengthening a segment to take advantage of reflexive input

given at Initiation of movements and as needed throughout the motion

Question 6

what is irradiation?

Answer 6

the spread of muscle response from a stronger muscles to a weaker muscles through maximal resistance

greater resistance=greater irradiation or inhibition of the antagonists

Question 7

what are the elements of PNF?

Answer 7

traction, approximation, Verbal commands, visual cues, and rhythmic initiation

Question 8

what is traction?

Answer 8

slight separation of joint surfaces that inhibits pain

often applied during flexion/antigravity patterns

Question 9

what is approximation?

Answer 9

gentle compression of joint surfaces via manual compression or weight-bearing

facilitates co-contraction of agonist and antagonist

Question 10

what are verbal commands?

Answer 10

they enhance motor output

tone and volume should vary to assist in the desired contraction

sharp verbal command to enhance contraction

Question 11

what are visual cues?

Answer 11

patient visually follows the movement to enhance learning and control

Question 12

what is rhythmic initiation ?

Answer 12

move patient’s limb passively through available range several times to familiarize pt w/movements

helps pt understand rate at which movement is to occur

helps pt learn a movement pattern

Question 13

what is the UE D1 flexion pattern?

Answer 13

variable elbow

forearm supination

wrist flexion, RD

finger flexion

Question 14

what is the UE D1 extension pattern?

Answer 14

shoulder extension, abduction, and IR

variable elbow

forearm pronation

wrist extension and UD

finger extension

Question 15

what is the UE D2 flexion pattern?

Answer 15

shoulder flexion, abduction, and ER

variable elbow

forearm supination

wrist extension, RD

finger extension

Question 16

what is the UE D2 extension pattern?

Answer 16

shoulder extension, adduction, and IR

variable elbow

Forearm pronation

wrist flexion, UD

finger flexion

Question 17

what is the LE D1 flexion pattern?

Answer 17

hip flexion, adduction, ER

variable knee

ankle DF and inversion

toe extension

Question 18

what is the LE D1 extension pattern?

Answer 18

hip extension, abduction, and IR

variable knee

ankle PF and eversion

toe PF

Question 19

what is the LE D2 flexion pattern?

Answer 19

hip flexion, abduction, and IR

variable knee

ankle DF and eversion

toe extension (DF)

Question 20

what is the LE D2 extension pattern?

Answer 20

hip extension, adduction, and ER

variable knee

ankle PF, inversion

toe PF

Question 21

what are slow reversals?

Answer 21

dynamic contraction of a stronger agonist pattern immediately followed by dynamic concentric contraction off the weaker antagonist pattern

no voluntary relaxation b/w patterns

promotes rapid, reciprocal action of agonists and antagonists

Question 22

what is hold relax?

Answer 22

relaxation technique

max resistance of agonist muscle

passively move limb to end of ROM then back off a few degrees

resist muscle isometrically for 8 seconds

pt then relaxes

PT passively move limb into new ROM

used to increase ROM

Question 23

what is alternating isometrics?

Answer 23

bring the joint to desired point in range

elicit alternate isometric contractions of muscles on either side of the joint

used to strengthen muscles around a joint to build stability

“don’t let me push you arms up, down let me push your arm down”