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DPT 508 > Infection Control > Flashcards

Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

normal flora

A

microorganisms that live on another organism that don’t cause disease.

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2
Q

pathogens

A

bacterium virus or other microorganism that can cause disease.

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3
Q

virulence

A

degree of pathology caused by the organism; extent of virulence is usually correlated with the ability of pathogen to multiply within the host.

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4
Q

sepsis

A

life threatening organ disfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection.

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5
Q

colonization

A

proliferation of microorganism on or within body site without detectable host immune response; no cellular damage or clinical expression.

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6
Q

infection

A

invasion of microorganisms in the body.

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7
Q

3 elements of transmission

A

source, susceptible host, way for pathogen to travel from source to host

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8
Q

requirements for infection

A
  1. existence of pathogen
  2. source of pathogen
  3. means to leave source
  4. mode of travel
  5. way to enter host
  6. susceptible host
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9
Q

infectious agents

A

bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites, prions

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10
Q

bacteria

A

one celled organism

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11
Q

virus

A

nucleic acid in protein shell

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12
Q

fungi

A

single/multi celled (yeast, mold, mushrooms)

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13
Q

parasite

A

organism lives within, upon, or at expense of another organism (host) and causes harm.

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14
Q

prions

A

disease producing protein without nucleic acid

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15
Q

nosociomial infection

A

hospital related infection

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16
Q

increased risk for nosocomial infection

A

More invasive procedures

Internally placed medical devices

Frequent healthcare personnel contact

In patients with compromised health

17
Q

most common pathogen

A

Staphylococcus aureus

18
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

impetigo, toxic shock

19
Q

Escherichia coli

A

foods

20
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Water borne bacteria; burn patients

21
Q

resistent organisms

A

MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus), VISA (vancomycin-intermediate staphylococcus aureus), VRE, C-diff, MDROs

22
Q

MRSA

A

Contact transmission

Abscess

Purulent exudate-like a “head” or point

Can spread to circulatory system (sepsis) or to lungs causing pneumonia

23
Q

VISA

A

contact transmission

24
Q

VRE

A

contact and oral-fecal transmission

25
Q

c-diff

A

Spore-forming bacteria

Contact and oral-fecal transmission

Frequently been on antibiotic regime

Severe diarrhea–> dehydration–>osmotic imbalance

26
Q

MDROs

A

resistant to one or more antibiotics

27
Q

contact transmission

A

Oral-fecal

Direct: touch infection

Indirect: infected person touches door and uninfected person touches the same door.

28
Q

droplet transmission

A

Droplets larger than 5um in size

Coughing, bronchoscopy, suction

Don’t travel as far.

Tend to settle into upper respiratory system

29
Q

airborne transmission

A

Droplets 5 um in size or smaller

Can travel farther

Can travel deeper into the respiratory system

30
Q

common vehicle transmission

A

Single source where many people get infected

Common source among group of people (eating same food, drinking same water, same blood supply for transfusion)

31
Q

standard precautions

A
  1. hand hygiene
  2. PPE
  3. proper handlikng of used linens
  4. proper handling and disposal of sharps
  5. use of hazardous waste bags and proper waste disposal
  6. proper handling and disinfection of patient-care equipment
  7. cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces.
32
Q

isolation precautions

A

tier 1: standard precautions
tier 2: standard precautions and transmission-based precautions

33
Q

transmission based precautions

A

Contact: objects and surfaces wash hands b4 and after and gloves

Droplets: masks, goggles/face shield, gown, and gloves

Airborne: negative pressure room (door closed, ventilation takes air out, air in through bottom of door), N95 respirator

Enhanced: combo of all precautions

34
Q

host factors

A

age, underlying disease, meds, breaks in lines of defense, use of medical equipment

35
Q

donning order

A
  1. hand hygiene
  2. gown
  3. face mask/respirator
  4. goggles/face shield
  5. gloves
36
Q

doffing order

A
  1. gloves
  2. goggles/face shield
  3. gown
  4. mask/respirator
  5. hand hygiene
37
Q

medical aseptic

A

Sterile gloves and technique

May use mask, gown, head cover

Creating and maintaining sterile field

DPT 508 (19 decks)

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